Research Flashcards
2 types of criterion-related validity
concurrent and predictive
what does validity test?
the strength of the relationships between your outcome (e.g. KAP), what the behaviours are associated with that outcome (e.g. well-informed, have no stigma) and the assessment of those behaviours (KAP test)
what is the 10/90 gap
Idea found in 1900 that 10% of funding is going to diseases that make up 90% of the GBD - so most disease in LMICs were not being funded, even though these cause the greatest deaths
Today, these diseases only account for 45% of the GBD, not 90%
sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART)
adaptive interventions where you change the intervention when you see non-response
TIDieR
Template for Intervention Description and Replication
Checklist to improve the completeness of reporting, and ultimately the replicability, of interventions because papers were being too vague and useless.
content validity
is it comprehensive? does it cover all the things associated with that property?
e.g. a KAP test without any questions on knowledge would have low content validity
sensitivity
the ability to corrently identify patients with a disease
p-value
The probability of seeing the observed result assuming the null hypothesis is correct.  
The p value is the evidence against a null hypothesis. The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence that you should reject the null hypothesis.
summative evaluation
aims to understand the impact of the intervention and its implementation at the end of the study. Whilst formative evaluations seek to improve implementation, xx evaluations seek to look more broadly, often including economic evaluations
concurrent validity
is there a relationship between your test and another previously validated test?
e.g. your new measurement for intelligence and an IQ test show the same results = strong concurrent validity
epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects the _____
nervous system.
predictive validity
can our test predict future outcomes?
e.g. does your KAP test allow us to make predictions about how supportive you will be towards PWE
Which is largest? Pubmed, Medline or Embase
Embase
Then PubMed, then Medline
construct validity
does this (instrument or experiment) measure what it is supposed to measure?
does this construct represent real-life situations?
scoping review
a type of evidence synthesis you do before a systematic review to determine how much research is out there and to find knowledge gaps 
scoping reviews help decide if you should do a systematic review and what the specific systematic review question should be
Which databases include Medline?
Embase and Pubmed
what types of seizures are there?
focal, generalised or unknown onset
face validity
does it look like it measures the property at the surface level? It appears to be related. 
e.g. KAP test looks like it has the appearance that would tell us something about KAP
criterion-related validity
is the assessment related to some other criteria? Is there a relationship with other outcomes?
e.g. is there a relationship between KAP test results and behaving like someone who doesn’t stigmatise.
which is more structured, a literature review or a scoping review?
scoping review