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CSB531 > Week 2 - Terminology > Flashcards

Week 2 - Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Radiolucent

A

X-ray see through (black on the image)

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2
Q

Radio-opaque

A

X-ray blocked

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3
Q

Latent image

A

Image on the receptor yet to be processed to visualise

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4
Q

Anechoic

A

Black - anything fluid filled

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5
Q

Hypechoic

A

Dark
Timor, lymph node

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6
Q

Hyperechoic

A

Bright
Fat tissue, stone

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7
Q

Projection

A

The path the X-ray travel from the tube through the subject to the image receptor

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8
Q

Positioning

A

The part of the body closes to the image receptor usually used for obliques

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9
Q

View

A

Refers to the image only, not the patient position or path of the beam which resulted in the image

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10
Q

Lateromedial lateral
Position? Projection? View?

A

Position - medial
Projection - medial to lateral
View - lateral

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11
Q

Mediolateral lateral
Projection? Position? View?

A

Projection - medial to lateral
Position - lateral
View - lateral

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12
Q

Ap

A

Anterio-posterior

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13
Q

PA

A

Posterior-anterior

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14
Q

DP

A

Dorsi-plantar

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15
Q

#

A

fracture

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16
Q

OBL

A

Oblique

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17
Q

MY

A

Metatarsal

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18
Q

What must imaging referrals contain

A

Patient details:
- Name
- DOB
- Adress
- Clinical request - region
- Hidtory

Referrer Details
- provider number
- practice address
- signature
- date of referral

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19
Q

Angle of gait

A

The angle formed between the feet and the line of progression while walking

Approx: 10 to 15 degrees in an average individual

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20
Q

Base of gait

A

Distance between both medial malleoli while walking

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21
Q

What does weight bearing show

A

Positional relationships of anatomy while subjected to the stress of body weight

22
Q

What stance is base of gait performed in

A

Midtsnace

23
Q

When shouldn’t weight bearing and base of gait be chosen

A
  • Trauma cases
  • non-ambulatory patients
  • patient with acute pain or recent surgery
  • unsteady patients
24
Q

What are Routine projections

A

Form the departments general protocol for normal circumstances

25
Q

Complementary projections

A

Extra views which may be utilised when specific anatomy needs to be demonstrated

26
Q

Alternative projections

A

Done instead of routine as they show much the same thing, but in a specific way

27
Q

Routine projections

A

DP
OBI
+/- lateral

28
Q

Alternative

A

PD
LATERAL (LATEROMEDIAL)
DP
LATERAL
MEDIAL OBI
DP
LATERAL

29
Q

Complementary

A

Lateral obi
Lateral obi - WB

30
Q

Clinical history Qs

A
  1. What is the problem -acute or chronic
  2. Has there been any trauma
    - if so - when?, - mechanism of injury
  3. Has the patient had any significant medical history that might impact what images are taken
    - possible pregnancy
    - current ulcer/wound/known pathogen
    - dementia
    - inability to weightbear or instability on weight bearing
  4. What is your initial diagnosis
    5 what projections will best confirm or rule out the condition?
  5. Is there any previous imagine
    - if there is - is it relevant?
31
Q

Projections and anatomy demonstrated for toes - routine

A

DP
Medial oblique
Lateral (on request)

32
Q

Lateral toe (additional) - imaging options

A

WB
MEDIOLATERAL LATERAL
LATEROMEDIAL LATERAL

33
Q

Toes (complementary) - sesamoids

A

Supine (Holly method)
Prone (Lewis method)

34
Q

Routine foot X-rays

A

DP - shows outlines of phalanges, metatarsals and tarsals
DP MEDIAL OBLIQUE - rolled in - medial side closest to receptor - creates less overlapping of tarsal bones

35
Q

Foot +/- lateral

A

May be excluded from routine series (only performed if truama or foreign body are detected)
- may include all the ankle joint
- shows subtler and proximal tarsal joints

36
Q

Foot COMPLEMENTARY X-ray

A

Lateral oblique - improved separation of the 1st and 2nd MY
- shows medial cuneiform ! Navicular and seasmoids

37
Q

Foot (alternative)

A

Plantar Doris
- patient prone
- no angular ion used
- good for lisfranc

38
Q

Foot (alternative)

A

DP WB

39
Q

WB compared to non-WB

A

WB - see compression of foot and the Mets lay flatter in WB

40
Q

Calcaneus - projections and anatomy demonstrated

A

Lateral - Mediolateral, Bilateral for spurs: shows anterior articulations and sinus tarsi, position as for lateral foot
Axial - plantodorsal, Patient supine, toes pulled back: shows trochlear and lateral process, sustenaculum tali, calcaneocuboid joint and tuberosity, good fr visualising # displacement and shape abnormalities

41
Q

Calcaneus (Complementary)

A

Harris Beath - for assessment of talocalcaneal facet joints, sometimes known as the ski-jump position

Allows visualisation of the posterior facet of the subtalar joint and the varus/valgus rotation

42
Q

Subtalar joints (Routine)

A

Medial oblique ankle - shows posterior subtalar joint and sinus tarsi

Lateral oblique ankle - posterior subtalar joint and tibiofibular syndesmosis

43
Q

Sub-talar joints (alternative)

A

Broden method - demonstrates posterior subtalar joints

44
Q

Subtalar joints (complimentary)

A

Modified Anthonsens (Subinferior Oblique)

  • over-rotated lateral position
  • 20 degrees caudal tube angulation
  • middle and posterior facets
  • sinus tarsi
45
Q

Ankle - routine projections

A

AP ankle - entire ankle joint and both malleoli in profile
Medial Oblique - toes rotated from oblique, show distal tib/fib joint, talar dome and inferior fibulotalar joint
Lateral - shows AP dimensions od tibiotalar joint, pre-Achilles fat pad, talar dome

46
Q

Ankle joint (alternative - specifically requested)

A

AP and lateral (lateromedial WB)
- difficult to assess if intrinsic foot problems, metatarsal adductus supinated or pronated stance positions

47
Q

Ankle joint - complementary

A

AP forced inversion and eversion - may be done for comparison (joint stability or instability)
- if ligaments are ruptured or stretch there will be an increase in the space when inv and ever stress is applied

48
Q

tibia/fibular - projection

A

AP
Lateral

49
Q

Knee projection routine

A

AP
Lateral

50
Q

Knee - complimentary

A

Weightbearing bilateral knees to compare

51
Q
A

CSB531 (24 decks)

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