group counseling and group work Flashcards

1
Q

prior to 1960s

A

most counseling took place in dyad. family therapy and behavior therapy was not evident in 1950s

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2
Q

a group has..

A

membership which can be define, some degree of unity and interaction and a shared purpose; approx as effective as ind work

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3
Q

group therapy term

A

coined by jacob moreno, father of psychodrama by observing catharsis experienced by people involved in theater. morenos ‘theory of spontaneity’ beagn to be discussed in lit in 1920s

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4
Q

joseph pratt

A

boston physician who formed early counseling group starting in 1905, dealing with issues of tb

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5
Q

first mutual aid self help group

A

aa, 1935, bill wilson, bob smith

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6
Q

1940s 2 ors for group therapy

A

american society for group psychotherapy and psychoddrama (asgpp) and american group psychotherapy association (agpa)

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7
Q

adler and jess davis

A

classified as prefacing group movement. jesse davis is pioneer in school guidance counseling. adler did group in child guidance facilities

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8
Q

classifications (primary…etc.)

A

Primary groups are preventative and attempt to ward off problems. Stress healthy lifestyle. Attempt to stop problems before they occur.
Secondary - Problems are present but not very severe. WOrk to stop or reduce severity of problem.
Tertiary - Work with more individual difficulties that are more serious and longstanding.

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9
Q

group norms

A

govern acceptable behavior and group rules. Norms refer to “expected behaviors”. Can be explicit and implicit rules for how to behave. All groups have norms.

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10
Q

increase in group therapy due to

A

shortage of ind therapists during/after wwII

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11
Q

group content

A

refers to material discussed in group setting; the ‘what’ of the group

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12
Q

group process

A

refers to manner in which discussions and transactions occur. the ‘how of the group’

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13
Q

t group

A

training group-first conducted in 1946. used to process personnel interactions

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14
Q

group cohesiveness

A

forces which tend to bind roup members together Term associated with Kurt Lewin’s “field theory” in which cohesiveness is seen as binding force among members. Low cohesiveness = fragmented.

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15
Q

group therapy v group counseling

A

group therapy also dubbed as personality reconstruction group, is of longer duration than group counseling.

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16
Q

gazdas 3 types of groups

A

Guidance - primary group, affective education or psycho-ed
Counseling - secondary group, problem is more severe and more individual and of longer duration than guidance group. Focus primarily on conscious concerns. Has less structure than a guidance group. Leader usually needs more training than leader of guidance group.
Psychotherapy - commonly used with inpatient, residential, for patients with in-depth psychological problems. Tertiary. May emphasize the role of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences more than the counseling group.

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17
Q

structured group activities

A

tructured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques; assignment for group members. Excessive use of this can cause reliance on leader. Yalom says this can lead to groups passing over important group stages.

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18
Q

disadvantage of group work

A

Individual issues are not properly examined, especially if the leader is process-oriented.

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19
Q

risky shift phenomenon

A

a group decision will be less conservative than the average group member’s decision. Dispels assumption that groups are more conservative than average individual.

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20
Q

group polarity/group polarization

A

predicts a persons views may become more extreme when they participate in a group (i.e. q anon!)

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21
Q

t groups

A

training groups, focus on human relations in a business setting, aka “lab training groups” short-term t group=’micro lab’

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22
Q

nosology

A

classification of disease (similar to taxanomy=calssification of living things)

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23
Q

assertiveness training groups

A

most are behavioristic and highly structured
Nondirective groups=psychodynamic groups and existentialist groups (fewer exercises and unstructured)

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24
Q

self help group

A

aka ‘mutual aid group’ for people attempting to cope with a given issue. Not always led by a prof. Very popular. Mostly voluntary. Diff than support where org will conduct or group will charge fee. Sometimes terms are used interchangeable

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25
Q

marathon group

A

one long group, plays on one theme for extended period of time. Defenses and facades will drop and ppl become more genuine. Lasts min of 24 hours and can be conducted over a weekend or a period of several days. Created by stoller and bach in 1960s.

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26
Q

yalom

A

main factor in selecting participants for group is that members can feel cohesive.

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27
Q

research indicated

A

High denial, low intelligence and low motivation are associated with premature termination.

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28
Q

group composition

A

homogeneity in terms of intelligence and level of development is important (Esp for childrens groups); people who wear similar clothes might sit next to each other.

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29
Q

universality

A

sometimes used interchangeably with mutuality. ‘We are not the only ones in the world with a given problem’

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30
Q

3 leadership styles study:

A

classic study conducted 1939: lewin, lippit, white; demonstrated that leadership styles do make difference. Children met with adult in each of 3 ways (democratic, autocratic and lassez faire-leadership styles). Children displayed best behavior when treated in democratic and aggressively in response to other 2 styles. No conducted in counseling group but school group (so may not apply to counseling groups)

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31
Q

charismatic leadership style

A

leader uses personal charisma to foster participation

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32
Q

other leaders

A

impersonal (distant but aggressive), energizers (emotionally stimulate group members), managers (leaders that exert executive control), providers (high in caring)

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33
Q

effective leaders

A

modeling appropriate behaviors improved group participation even in the face of resistant members.

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34
Q

sam gladding

A

called democratic style=facilitator

35
Q

co-leadership

A

helps reduce burnout and ensure safety, allows people to process feelings in between sessions, helpful when one leader is experiencing counter transference.

36
Q

gerald corey and yalom on leader requirement

A

participation in therapeutic group and in leader’s group is needed to be an effective group leader. yalom-> personal therapy is generally necessary for group leaders

37
Q

ideal group

A

8 adults; 3 or 4 childrens group

38
Q

ideal time for adult group work

A

2 hrs

39
Q

ambivalent transference

A

psychoanalytic term that suggests client will treat counselor with ambivalence, as she would another authority figure

40
Q

blocking

A

used when a leader uses an intervention to stop or block a negative or counterproductive behaviors which could hurt another group member
Study of group operations: group dynamics (stages, cohesiveness, leadership style and decision making.

41
Q

hot seat

A

popularized by perls in gestalt groups. Whoever is the target of the here and now intervention is in hot seat.

42
Q

operationally define

A

you must demonstrate the concrete steps necessary to illuminate the concept.

43
Q

common weakness in groups

A

lack of goal setting

44
Q

sociogram

A

pictorial account of a group which serves to diagram member interaction. Moreno and jacobson

45
Q

karpmans triangle

A

most often used in conjunction with TA as a teaching device to illuminate roles of persecutor, rescuer and victim.

46
Q

transition stage

A

group stage occurs after initial stage. Ppl are often judgemental, resistant or caught in power struggle.

47
Q

group role energizer

A

stimulates enthusiasm in group

48
Q

group role scapegoat

A

person everyone balmes. receive attn. even though neg.

49
Q
A
50
Q

group role gatekeeper

A

tries to make sure everyone is doing their taks and is participating. Danger is that gatekeeper often doesnt work on their own issues.

51
Q

group role peeping tom/interrogator

A

asks questions (neverending) to others in group

52
Q

Group role - follower

A

goes along with everyone else in the group. They are non assertive.

53
Q

Excitation

A

relates to salters conditioned reflex therapy. Practice of spontaneously experiencing or expressing two emotions. Seen as necessary so as to maintain state of positive mental health. Opposite of inhibition.

54
Q

Group role harmonizer/conciliator

A

try to make certain everything is going smoothly.

55
Q

Group role storyteller

A

monopolize group time and tell endless stories.

56
Q

Other roles

A

intellectualizer, the joker and the attacker

57
Q

Group role isolate

A

ignored by others. Feel afraid to reach out or when they do reach out they are rejected.

58
Q

Role reversal

A

behavioral role playing technique. The client who brings the problem in plays the person they have the problem with and another client plays the client who brought the problem in.

59
Q

3 diff types of member roles

A

task roles (helps group carry out task) maintenance roles (helps maintain or strengthen group process, seen as positive), self-serving roles (seen as neg, clients meeting own needs at expense of group)

60
Q

Situational leadership style

A

leaders tell members what to do and they do not emphasize relationships among members (reserved for immature members)

61
Q

Paul hersey and Kenneth blanchard

A

leader activities fall into “task actions” and “maintenance actions”. Maintenance actions include relationship concerns. ‘Maturity’ in terms of task= members motivation to do the task. When it is low, there is more high task leadership behavior. When it is higher, can continue with high task but add in high relationship. Task action leadership indicative of one-way communication; relationship behavior is the result of 2-way communication. *task/maintenance verbage on exams could refer to leaders or member behavior

62
Q

Role conflict

A

situation in which discrepancy between the way a group member behaves and the way they are supposed to behave

63
Q

Group basic stages

A

1) initial or orientation or forming or preoffiliation 2) transition or storming or power and control 3) working or norming or cohesion or negotiation, intimacy and frame of reference 4) separation or termination or closure or adjourning

64
Q

Yalom group stages

A

pioneer in group movement: orientation, conflict, cohesion, termination

65
Q

Tuckman and jennson stages

A

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

66
Q

Initial group stage characteristics

A

characterized by approach-avoidance behavior. Attracted nad repelled by the same goal. I.e. want to meet new members but fear rejection.

67
Q

Garland, jones, kolodny group stage 2

A

power and control

68
Q

Storming stage

A

aka high anxiety stage or struggle for control stage. Coreys suggest leaders deal with this stage by learning to distinguish between challenges and attacks->leadesr should model positive confrontation

69
Q

Ecological planning

A

used to describe the process of obtaining info to determine whether the group is the most desirable form of treatment and if it is to determine the exact nature of the group experience

70
Q

Final group stage tasks

A

aka consolidation. Leaders help member snake plans for future.
sociometry=study of measuring person to person relationships.

71
Q

Family sculpturing

A

family therapy technique where family members arrange themselves spatially to create live representation of members bonds and alliances

72
Q

Horizontal interventions

A

strategies that approach group as a whole. Often called interpersonal.

73
Q

Vertical intervention

A

strategy that approaches one ind.

74
Q

Research in group settings

A

scarce and the studys that exist may not have been well controlled. There exists a researcher/practitioner split. Group research aka outcome research or product research. Process research=how groups work

75
Q

Comprehensive model

A

stress life-skills and will eventually make therapeutic groups unnecessary

76
Q

Major limitations of group

A

A group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm

A client may need individual therapy before benefitting from group

Group can become a substitute for real world

Clients may feel pressured to replace personal norms with group norms

Groupwork can be intimidating which squelches disclosure

Not good for clients in crisis

77
Q

Major advantages of group

A

Members learn to give help in addition to receiving

Group sessions generally cost less than individual counseling

Promotes interpersonal work and universality

Can provide support system
Microcosm of society

Group setting reflects everyday life

78
Q

What does research say about group work?

A

No research shows that group work is superior to other forms of therapy

79
Q

Yalom curative factors

A

Altruism, universality and existential learning

Catharsis, cohesiveness, and instillation of hope

Imitative behavior and reenactment of family experiences

80
Q

R.K. Conyne

A

group intervention is intended to prevent, correct, or enhance behavior

81
Q

Conyne’s group work grid

A

four intervention levels 1) individual 2) interpersonal 3) organization 4) community population

82
Q

Outside observer is group

A

used to assess the impact of the group and asses change in individual group members

83
Q

Corey & Corey say that for children under 10…

A

enhance treatment by involving parents and ask them for input & avoid taking sides between parents and children - support child is seeing parents’ point of view.