assessment

Question 1

appraisal

Answer 1

process of assessing or estimating attributes. I.e. observations, survey, interviews

Question 2

psychometrics

Answer 2

study of psych measurement

Question 3

subjective format of test

Answer 3

relies mainly on scorers opinion, personal bias can impact rating.

Question 4

halo effect

Answer 4

When a trait which is not being evaluated influences researchers rating on another trait. i.e. when someone is attractive, they may get higher rating in a test

Question 5

objective test

Answer 5

raters judgment plays no or little role in scoring.

Question 6

forced choice

Answer 6

items are known as recognition items (2 or more options). Person must respond with certain given answers (i.e. multiple choice)

Question 7

difficulty index

Answer 7

indicates percentage of ind who answered each item incorrectly. From 0-1 to indicate percentage.

Question 8

ipsative measures

Answer 8

measure compares traits within the same individual. Do not compare a person to other persons who took the same instrument. Person taking ipsative measure is measured in response to own standar of behavior. Measure points out highs and lows that exist within same ind. I.e. mr. johns depression is improving.

Question 9

normative test

Answer 9

each item is independent of all other items. Can compare persons to each other who take same test

Question 10

power test

Answer 10

evaluates level of mastery without a time limit. Can do power test even if it has time limit as long as time limit allows most people to complete test in time.
Achievement test: measures typical performance.

Question 11

spiral test

Answer 11

Items get progressively more difficult (think of spiral staircase)

Question 12

cyclical test

Answer 12

Several sections that are spiral in nature (each section gets harder as you go).

Question 13

test battery

Answer 13

a horizontal test. Several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than those derived from merely using a single source.

Question 14

vertical test

Answer 14

Versions for different developmental/education levels.

Question 15

parallel forms (aka equivalent forms)

Answer 15

when a test has two interchangeable forms

Question 16

most critical factors in test selection

Answer 16

validity and reliability

Question 17

validity

Answer 17

whether the test measures what it says it does. The number one factors in choice selection. A valid test is always reliable.

Question 18

5 types of validity

Answer 18

Content (aka rational/logical): Does the test sample the behavior under scrutiny. I.e. IQ test that didn’t sample entire range of
Construct: Ability ot measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, talent, etc. Any trait you cannot measure or observe is a construct.
Concurrent: How well test compares to other well established instruments with same purpose.
Predictive: Ability to predict future behavior.
Consequential: social implications of using tests.

Question 19

convergent validity

Answer 19

Relationship/correlation of a test with an independent measure or trait.

Question 20

discriminant validity

Answer 20

test will not reflect unrelated variable

Question 21

criterion validity

Answer 21

could be predictive or concurrent

Question 22

face validity

Answer 22

the extent that a test looks or appears to measure the intended attribute

Question 23

incremental validity

Answer 23

describe process by which a test is refined and becomes more valid as contradictory items are dropped. Test’s ability to improve predictions when compared to existing measures. Test provides additional valid information that was not attainable via other procedures

Question 24

synthetic

Answer 24

Derived from “synthesized”. The helper or researcher looks for tests that have been shown to predict each job element or component, then combines these tests to create one with synthetic validity.

Question 25

reliability

Answer 25

how consistent a test measures an attribute. Second most important concern in test selection. Tests can be reliable, but not valid.

Question 26

reliability coefficient

Answer 26

0-1 (1= perfect and only occurs in physical measurements). In psychological tests, 0.90 is considered excellent. 0.70 is considered somewhat typical. Tells you the percentage of the score that is accurate. .80 is considered acceptable for admissions to jobs, etc.

Question 27

true variance aka coefficieint of determination

Answer 27

the square of the correlation/reliability coefficient (i.e. if correlation is .7, the true variance is .49 or 49%).

Question 28

test-retest reliability

Answer 28

giving the test to the same group of people two times and correlating the scores.

Question 29

equivalent or alternative forms of reliability

Answer 29

Giving the same population alternate forms/parallel forms of the identical test. Reliability correlation coefficient is found on the two sets of scores.

Question 30

split-half correlation method

Answer 30

Dividing a test into two halves and then finding the correlation between the half scores to find the reliability coefficient.

Question 31

inter rater/inter observer method

Answer 31

aka “scorer reliability” . Used with subjective tests to see if the scoring method provides same score despite different scorers. Several raters assess the same performance.

Question 32

consistency reliabilty

Answer 32

homogeneity or internal consistency or inter-item consistency.

Question 33

counterbalancing

Answer 33

Necessary practice for equivalent forms reliability testing. Half individuals get parallel form A first and half get form B, then switch for the second.

Question 34

stability

Answer 34

the ability of a test score to remain stable or fluctuate over time if the client takes the test again

Question 35

physical measurements

Answer 35

more reliable than psychological measurements

Question 36

IQ

Answer 36

intelligence quotient

Question 37

IQ formula

Answer 37

MA/CA x 100 - mental age divided by chronological age. “Ratio IQ”

Question 38

Francis Galton

Answer 38

Did research and concluded that intelligence was normally distributed. Felt intelligence was a unitary faculty. Believed exceptional mental abilities were genetic.

Question 39

JP Guildford

Answer 39

isolated 120 factors that added up to intelligence, and thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking. Convergent = divergent thoughts are combined into singular concept. Divergent - ability to generate novel ideas.

Question 40

Kuder Richardson coefficients of equivalence

Answer 40

Helps to find out if each item on the test is measuring same thing as every other item

Question 41

Lee Conbachs alpha coefficient

Answer 41

also used to determine if each item is measuring the same thing as every other item

Question 42

cross-validation

Answer 42

When a researcher further examines the criterion validity of a test by administering the test to a new sample. In most cases the cross-validation coefficient is indeed smaller than the initial validity coefficient (aka “shrinkage”).

Question 43

stanford-binet IQ test

Answer 43

1905, 30-question standardized test for school children. Binet used daughters as subjects. Also cited as pioneer for his work in inkblots. Used age-related tasks in which 50% of the children of a certain age could answer successfully. Was created to dfiferentiate children with and without intellectual disability.

Question 44

SAS

Answer 44

standard age score. in the current version of the IQ test, it has a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 16

Question 45

standard test

Answer 45

scoring and administration procedures are formal and well delineated. Include quantitative information related to “standards” of performance.

Question 46

wechsler iq test

Answer 46

added performance skills to Binet test.

Question 47

WPPSI

Answer 47

Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence ages 2-7.

Question 48

WAIS-IV

Answer 48

Wechsler adult intelligence scale: 16-90 yrs. Mean is 100, standard deviation is 15 (16 for Stanford Binet) Based on neurocognitive research and Cattel-Horn-Carroll leading theory of human intelligence. Can be scored online 60-90 mins to complete. 10 subject areas 4 index scores Can measure iq from 40-160 (Standford Binet can do up to 180)

Question 49

WISC-IV

Answer 49

Wechsler intelligence scale for children: 6-16 yrs

Question 50

merrill-palmer scale of mental tests

Answer 50

intelligence test for below 7 yrs.

Question 51

group iq tests

Answer 51

i.e. Otis-Lennon, Lorge-Thorndike, California Test of Mental Abilities. Advantage is that group tests are quicker to administer. Disadvantage, less accurate and lower reliability.

Question 52

group iq test movement

Answer 52

began in WWI with Army Alpha and Army Beta.

Question 53

culture fair test

Answer 53

items are known to the subject regardless of his or her culture

Question 54

jacob ertl

Answer 54

invented an electronic machine ot analyze neural efficiency

Question 55

raymond cattell

Answer 55

fluid & crystallized intelligence. Crystallized: content. Fluid: content-free reasoning.

Question 56

arthur jensen

Answer 56

1969 article in harvard ed review that suggested the closer people are genetically, the more alike their IQs will be. Controversy re: statemnet that African Americans were “bred for strength rather than intelligence”

Question 57

robert williams

Answer 57

Demonstrated that African Americans excelled when given a test that was culturally relevant/used language African Americans knew & understood.

Question 58

larry p v Wilson Riles

Answer 58

accusing wechsler & binet of racism.

Question 59

projective test

Answer 59

client is shown something neutral. Examiner bias is common. Some formats of projective tests: Association- i.e. “waht comes to mind?” Completion- “finish this sentence” Construction- i.e drawing.

Question 60

16 pf

Answer 60

Raymond Cattell- personality factor questionnaire developed for people 16+ and measuring key personality factors.

Question 61

factor analysis tests or inventories

Answer 61

analyze data outside of a given theory.

Question 62

james mckeen cattell

Answer 62

coined term “mental test” and worked with Galton and Willhelm Wundt.

Question 63

myers briggs

Answer 63

reflects work of carl jung

Question 64

oscar buros

Answer 64

mental measurements yearbook

Question 65

projective measures

Answer 65

favored by psychodynamic clinicians which rely on unconcious mind

Question 66

aptitude test

Answer 66

assesses potential and predicts

Question 67

achievement test

Answer 67

assesses what has been learned, what you know or how well you can currently perform

Question 68

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 68

uses pictures, 31 cards, intended for ages 4+, projective test

Question 69

rotter incomplete sentence blank (RISB)

Answer 69

projective, client completes incomplete sentence with feeling

Question 70

bender gestalt II

Answer 70

expressive, projective measure. Lauretta bender namesake, ages 4+, actually bender visual motor gestalt test.

Question 71

interest inventory

Answer 71

work best with ind who are of high school age+ (interests become stable around age 25), tend to emphasize prof positions and minimize blue collar jobs, reliable, not threatening to test taker. Problem->ppl try to answer questions n socially acceptable manner (i.e. social desirability)

Question 72

association for assessment and research in counseling (AARC)

Answer 72

1 of 20 ACA divisions

Question 73

guilford zimmerman temperment survey (GZTS)

Answer 73

personality measure for ppl who do not have sever psychiatric disabilities

Question 74

california personality inventory (CPI)

Answer 74

similar to above, shares questions with MMPI

Question 75

acquiescence

Answer 75

when a client always agress with something

Question 76

deviation

Answer 76

When an ind purposely or when in doubt gives unusual responces

Question 77

standard error of measurement

Answer 77

how accurate or inaccurate a test score is. Tells counselor what would most likely occur if same individual takes same test again. Lower standard error is better. X=T+E (x=obtained score, t is true score and e is error)

Question 78

social loafing

Answer 78

phenomenon in which a person in a group puts forth less effort than they would if they were attempting to accomplish goal individually.

Question 79

spearman brown formula

Answer 79

used to estimate the impact that lengthening or shortening a test will have on its reliability coefficient.

Question 80

CPT

Answer 80

current procedural terminology codes. Used to let insurance companies know what services you are providing

Question 81

reactive effect

Answer 81

impact of self monitoring to bias results of self report

Question 82

informal assessment technique

Answer 82

journals, case notes, interviews, professional staffings, checklists, sociograms of groups.

Question 83

infant IQ test

Answer 83

more unreliable, toddler iq test can pick up abnormalities like intellectual disabilities

Question 84

item difficulty index

Answer 84

anges from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the index number, the greater the number of examinees who will answer the question correctly (or rather, the greater the number, the easier the question is to answer)

Question 85

buckley amendment

Answer 85

college student can view record including test data, a parent can view infant iq tests at preschool,client can demand correction on something they discover while reading their file. Persons over 18 can inspect their own record and those of their children

Question 86

FERPA

Answer 86

family educational rights and privacy act. Info cannot be released without adult consent. Children over 18 can view own records. Schools and programs that dont receive federal funds are exempt from ferpa guidelines.

Question 87

lewis terman

Answer 87

americanized the binet. Assoc. With Standford (binet became Stanford Binet in US).