Research

Question 1

accuracy of screening and diagnosis can be determined by

Answer 1

1. reliability
2. validity

Question 2

reliability consistent test called

Answer 2

kappa value
more than 0.75 excellent
0.40-0.75 acceptable
< 0.40 poor

Question 3

validity test based on

Answer 3

sensitivity and specificity
and ROC

Question 4

sensitivity calculates

Answer 4

disease
Se = TP / (TP + FN)
high Se = low FN

Question 5

specificity

Answer 5

calculate health
Sp = TN/ (TN + FP)

Question 6

screening targets

Answer 6

large asymptomatic population

Question 7

Incidence and prevalence calculation

Answer 7

Incidence = number of newly diseased individuals in a given time / total number of individuals at the beginning of the study

Prevalence = number of diseased individuals / total number of individuals

Question 8

PICO

Answer 8

P: population/patient/problem
I: Intervention
C: Comparison
O: Oucome

Question 9

Odds ratio

Answer 9

If the odds ratio equals 1, the exposure does not affect the odds of the outcome

If the odds ratio is greater than 1, the exposure is associated with increased odds of the outcome

If the odds ratio is less than 1, the exposure is associated with decreased odds of the outcome