Chapter 1 (Theoretical Models/Approaches)

Question 1

When was Health Belief Model was created?

Answer 1

1950s

Question 2

was created in the 1950s by social scientists who wanted to understand why few people responded to a campaign for tuberculosis (TB) screening.

Answer 2

Health Belief Model

Question 3

It is a theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion and disease prevention programs.

Answer 3

Health Belief Model

Question 4

used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviors.

Answer 4

Health Belief Model

Question 5

Key elements of the Health Belief Model

Answer 5

1. individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health-related behaviors.
2. key factors that influence health behaviors as an individual’s perceived threat to sickness or disease (perceived susceptibility),
3. belief of consequence (perceived severity)
4. potential positive benefits of action (perceived benefits)
5. perceived barriers to action, exposure to factors that prompt action (cues to action)
6. confidence in ability to succeed (self-efficacy).

Question 6

is a great tool for nurses, offering them a theoretical framework for helping their patients prevent chronic disease or, if disease is present, improve quality of life.

Answer 6

Health Belief Model as Nursing Tool

Question 7

to clarify patients’ perceptions of risk and why they behave in a way that is harmful; this enables nurses to apply strategies that influence patients to make healthy lifestyle changes.

Answer 7

Health Belief Model as Nursing Tool

Question 8

is Professor Emeritus of Nursing and Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Answer 8

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 9

She is a leader in public health policy and education

Answer 9

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 10

originated the notion of healthy public policy which addresses the effects of all areas of public policy on health and has been adopted internationally

Answer 10

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 11

She developed a framework for prevention that includes concepts of community – oriented, population- focused care.

Answer 11

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 12

She stated that behavioral patterns of the populations-and individuals who make up populations – are a result of habitual selection from limited choices.

Answer 12

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 13

She challenged the common notion that a main determinant for unhealthful behavioural choice is lack of knowledge.

Answer 13

Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN

Question 14

a sometimes neglected role of community health nursing to examine the determinants of a community’s health and attempt to influence those determinants through public policy.

Answer 14

Milio’s Framework for Prevention

Question 15

is a nursing theorist, author, and academic

Answer 15

Nola Pender

Question 16

She is a professor emerita of nursing at the University of Michigan.

Answer 16

Nola Pender

Question 17

She created the Health Promotion Model. She has been designated a Living Legend of the American Academy of Nursing.

Answer 17

Nola Pender

Question 18

Nola Pender’s Health Promotion designed to be a

Answer 18

“complementary counterpart to models of health protection.”

Question 19

is directed at increasing a patient’s level of well-being

Answer 19

Health Promotion

Question 20

describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health.

Answer 20

Health Promotion Model

Question 21

Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model focuses on THREE AREAS:

Answer 21

1. Individual Characteristics and Experiences
2. Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect
3. Behavioral Outcomes

Question 22

The Health Promotion Model makes four assumptions:

Answer 22

1. Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior.
2. Individuals, in all their biopsychosocial complexity, interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment as well as being transformed over time.
3. Health professionals, such as nurses, constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on people through their life span.
4. Self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive patterns is essential to changing behavior.

Question 23

received his B.S. in 1962 from the University of California-Berkeley.

Answer 23

Lawrence Green

Question 24

Ford Foundation project associate and a commissioned officer of the US Public Health Service with the University of California Family Planning Research and Development Project in Dhaka, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), serving from 1963 through 1965. He returned to Berkeley, where he earned his M.P.H.

Answer 24

Lawrence Green

Question 25

PRECEDE

Answer 25

Predisposing,
Reinforcing,
Enabling ,
Constructs in Educational
Diagnosis and
Evaluation

Question 26

PROCEED

Answer 26

Policy,
Regulatory and
Organizational Constructs in
Educational and
Environmental
Development

Question 27

is a cost–benefit evaluation framework proposed in 1974 that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.

Answer 27

The PRECEDE-PROCEED

Question 28

It provides a comprehensive structure for assessing health and quality of life needs, and for designing, implementing and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs.

Answer 28

Lawrence Green’s PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL

Question 29

One purpose and guiding principle of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model is to

Answer 29

Initial attention to outcomes, rather than inputs.

Question 30

Precede-Proceed guides planners through a process that starts with

Answer 30

desired outcomes and then works backwards in the causal chain to identify a mix of strategies for achieving those objectives

Question 31

A fundamental assumption of the model is the——that is, that the participants (“consumers”) will take an active part in defining their own problems, establishing their goals and developing their solutions.

Answer 31

The active participation of its intended audience