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G12 [1st Sem] > [Prelim] Physics > Flashcards

[Prelim] Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Is an experimental science.

A

Physics

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2
Q

Observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate to these phenomena.

A

Physicists

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3
Q

Scientific ideas starts as __________ and evidence may or may not support them.

A

Predictions

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4
Q

Physical Quantities:

A

Fundamental (or base) Quantities
Derived Quantities

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5
Q

Fundamental Quantities:

A
  • Length
  • Mass
  • Time
  • Temperature
  • Electric Current
  • Luminous Intensity
  • Amount of Substance
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6
Q

Derived Quantities:

A
  • Speed
  • Density
  • Force
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7
Q

Infromal Ststem of measurement:

A
  • Handspan
  • Cubit
  • Armspan
  • Face
  • Foot Span
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8
Q

System of measurement:

A
  • British (imperial) system or imperial system
  • Metric or international System (SI)
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9
Q

British Imperial System:

A
  • Length
  • Volume
  • Mass
  • Time and Date
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10
Q

Measurement for the length and distance:

A
  • Meterstick
  • Trundle wheel
  • Tape measure
  • Vernier Caliper
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11
Q

Measurement for Mass:

A
  • Electronic balance
  • Double Pan Balance
  • Triple Bean Balance
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12
Q

Measurement for Volume:

A
  • Graduated Cylinder
  • Volume of Solids
  • Volume of irregular solids
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13
Q

Measurement for temperature:

A
  • Thermometer
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14
Q

Measurement Error:

A
  • Random Error
  • Systematic Error
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15
Q
  • proposed explanation that has been extensively tested and is based on many observations.
  • an explanation of why something happens based on years of testing and obervations.
A

Theory

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16
Q
  • a rule that describes how something in nature behaves, but not necessarily why it behaves that way.
  • describes what happens under certain conditions.
A

Law

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17
Q

Require measurements, we generally use numbers to describe the results of measurements.

A

Experiments

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18
Q

Some physical quantities are so fundamental that we define them only by describing how to measure them.

A

Operational definition

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19
Q
  • only three _____________ were considered; length, mass, time.
  • with the developments of science, four more physical quantities were added.
A

Fundamental (or base) Quantities

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20
Q

The quantities that are derived from the fundamental quantities like speed, acceleration, density, force, and momentum.

A

Derived Quantities

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21
Q

Defined as distance covered over time.

A

Speed

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22
Q

Defined as mass per unit volume.

A

Density

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23
Q

Defined as mass acceleration.

A

Force

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24
Q

when we measure a quantity, we always compare it with some reference ________.

A

Standard

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25
Q

The _____ is a unit of distance, and the ______ is a unit of time.

A
  • Meter
  • Second
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26
Q

Are a collection of units of measurements and rules relating them to each other.

A

Measurements Systems

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27
Q
  • the international system of units, or SI, is the preferred method of measurement in Physics.
  • It has a base unit for every type of measurement.
A

Metric System or SI

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28
Q

SI stands for _________. French for _______

A
  • Système Internationale
  • International System
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29
Q

SI basic unit of Length (distance)

A

Meter (m)

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30
Q

SI basic unit of mass

A

Gram (g)

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31
Q

SI basic unit of weight (force)

A

Newton (N)

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32
Q

SI basic unit of volume (capacity)

A

Liter (L) or Cubic meter (m3)

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33
Q

SI basic unit of temperature

A

Kelvin (k)

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34
Q

SI basic unit of time

A

Seconds (s)

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35
Q

SI basic unit of pressure

A

Newtons per square meter (N/m2)

36
Q

SI basic unit of electric Current

A

Ampere (A)

37
Q

SI basic unit of amount of substrate

A

Mole (mol)

38
Q

The US follows the imperial system of units, also called the U.S customary units.

A

British Imperial System

39
Q

The four commonly used measures of ______ are inch, feet, yards, miles.

A

Length

40
Q

The most common measures of ______ in the US customary units are fluid ounces (fl. oz), cups, pints, quarts, and gallons.

A

Volume

41
Q

The most common measurements of mass in the US customary units are ounces (oz), pounds (Ib), and (ton).

A

Mass

42
Q

_____ is still measured in seconds.

A

Time and Date

43
Q
  • the distance between two points.
  • the SI unit for length is meter (m).
A

Length or distance

44
Q
  • like a ruler, except it is 1 meter long (100cm)
  • It is a bit longer than a yardstick.
A

Meterstick

45
Q

-to measure long distances, just roll the _________ on the ground, and every time you walk a meter, the _______ makes a dicking sound.

A

Trundle wheel

46
Q

for measuring distances that would be hard to measure using a meterstick or a trundle wheel, such as the distance around a round object.

A

Tape measure

47
Q

Used for the measurement of diameters of round objects with the help of the measuring jaws.

A

Vernier Caliper

48
Q
  • the period between events or how long something lasted.
  • the SI unit for time is seconds.
  • other units for time include hours, days, months, and years.
A

Time

49
Q
  • the amount of matter in a liquid, solid, or gas.
  • SI unit for mass is gram (g)
A

Mass

50
Q

Just put the object on the pan and read the mass.

A

Electronic Balance

51
Q
  • compares the weight of objects in pans on each side of a balance.
  • to find mass, place something of known mass in one pan, and in the other pan, place the object of unknown mass.
  • when the pans are level, the mass are equal.
A

Double Pan Balance

52
Q
  • works like a double pan balance, but instead of having a pan on each side of the balance, there is a pan on one side, and three beams, each with siding weights, called RIDERS, on the other.
A

Triple Beam balance

53
Q
  • the force exerted by a mass.
  • SI unit for force is in Newtons (N)
A

Weight

54
Q

The amount of space something occupies.

A

Volume

55
Q
  • a cylinder marked on the outside to indicate how much fluid it contains.
  • take your volume reading from the bottom of the Meniscus and make sure you are taking the reading at eye level.
A

Graduated Cylinder

56
Q

take your volume reading from the bottom of the ________ and make sure you are taking the reading at eye level.

A

Meniscus

57
Q
  • to figure out the volume of a rectangular solid, simply measure its height, width, and length using any of the tools for measuring length, and then multiply all three.
A

Volume of solids

58
Q
  • the best way to measure the volume of an __________ is to place it in water and find the volume of water it displaces.
  • the difference between the new and old volume measurements in equal to the volume of the object.
A

Irregular solid

59
Q
  • how hot or cold something is.
  • SI unit for temperature is Kelvin.
  • Most scientists use the SI-derived unit, Celsius, to measure temperature.
A

Temperature

60
Q

SI unit for temperature is _______.

A

Kelvin

61
Q
  • used to measure temperature.
  • can be digital or liquid.
A

Thermometer

62
Q
  • there can be sources of error in any type of measurement.
  • this means that if you measure a quantity once and then a second time, you may get a different reading.
A

Measurement Error

63
Q

Is independent of accuracy

A

Precision

64
Q

Is the measure of how close the measured value is to the actual value of the quantity.

A

Accuracy

65
Q
  • difference between a measured quantity and its true value.
  • is includes random error (naturally occurring errors that are to be expected with any experiment) and systematic error (caused by a miscalibrated instrument that affects all measurements).
A

Measurement error (observational error)

66
Q

Naturally occurring errors that are to be expected with any experiment.

A

Random error

67
Q
  • affects the accuracy of a measurement.
  • if the instrument that you are using is not properly set, it cannot give an accurate measurement.
  • caused by a miscalibrated instrument that affects all measurements.
A

Systematic error

68
Q
  • reading of an instrument are compared to a known measurement to check its accuracy. AKA “Zerogoins”
A

Calibration

69
Q

reading of an instrument are compared to a known measurement to check its accuracy. AKA “________”

A

Zerogoins

70
Q
  • caused by errors in the experimental apparatus or by the person who is reading the measurement.
  • random errors affect the precision of the measurement.
A

Random Errors

71
Q
  • Difference between a measured value and a known value expressed as a percentage.
  • shows how far the experimental value is from the accepted value when comapred with the size of the actual value.
A

Percent Error

72
Q

Known to be true and can be found in a standard reference.

A

Accepted value

73
Q

The value that you actually measured.

A

Experimental Value

74
Q

Estimates how repeated measurements taken on the same instrument are estimated around the score.

A

Standard error of measurement (SEM)

75
Q
  • measure of the variability of a distribution of repeated scores or measurements.
  • smaller values indicate a smaller variation and therefore values closer to the true score.
A

Coefficient of variation ( CV)

76
Q

Gives an estimate of the interval where a proportion of the difference lies between measurements.

A

Limits of agreement (LOA)

77
Q

Methods to assess absolute reliability:

A
  • Standard error of measurement (SEM)
  • Coefficient of variation ( CV)
  • Limits of agreement (LOA)
78
Q

-also called the uncertainty
-it indicates the maximum difference there is likely to be the measured value and the true value.

A

Error

79
Q

-the uncertainty is indicated in the measured value.
-the numbers reported in the measurement.
-are all of the known figured plus one estimated digit.

A

Significant figures

80
Q

-is called the significant digit.
-scientists reach it by using estimation or by rounding numbers.

A

Estimated digit

81
Q

is the number that provides the most exact measurement possible.

A

Significant digit

82
Q

rough guess of the measurement using observation and reasoning.

A

Estimation

83
Q

picking the closest number to the specified place value based on the accuracy of the equipment.

A

Rounding

84
Q

-is a mathematical method used to convert actual measured units into the units needed for the answer to a problem.

A

Dimensional Analysis

85
Q
  • AKA “ratio”
  • the relationship between the two units.
A

Conversion Factor

86
Q

Conversion factor is also known as-

A

Ratio

87
Q

SI Prefix (in order):

A

giga (G)
mega (m)
kilo (k)
hecto (h)
deca (da)
Base Unit
deci (d)
centi (c)
milli (u)
nano (n)

G12 [1st Sem] (13 decks)

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