Components of the Immune System Flashcards
The immune response is ___ based.
cell
What do all immune cells develop from?
hematopoietic stem cells
What determines what hematopoietic stem cells will develop into?
cytokines and growth factors
What can stem cells differentiate into?
- myeloid progenitors
- lymphoid progenitors
What are examples of myeloid progenitors?
- granulocytes
- monocytes
- macrophages
- mast cells
What are examples of lymphoid progenitors?
- lymphocytes
- natural killer cells
- dendrite cells
What are granulocytes?
contain cytoplasmic granules which have compounds in them that are released during an immune response to kill pathogens
What are the types of granulocytes?
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophils
- mast cells
What do neutrophils do?
- perform phagocytosis, engulfing and breaking down and killing the pathogen
- first responders from bloodstream at site of infection
What are neutrophils called in birds?
heterophils
What do eosinophils do?
release cytoplasmic granules to kill parasites
What do basophils do?
release cytoplasmic granules in response to parasites
How are mast cells different from other granulocytes?
are not white blood cells
Where are mast cells found?
within tissues
What do mast cells do?
release cytoplasmic granules in response to parasites and infection
What do granules of mast cells contain?
histamine
What does histamine do?
increases permeability of blood vessels
What are the types of agranulocytes?
monocytes and lymphocytes and dendrite cells
What do monocytes do?
migrate into tissues at site of infection and differentiate into a cell called a macrophage
What are the two types of macrophages?
monocyte-derived and resident tissur
What are monocyte derived macrophages called?
inflammatory macrophages
Where do resident tissue macrophages come from?
embryonic cells
What are the types of resident tissue macrophages?
- microglia
- osteoclasts
- kupffer cells
- alveoler macrophages
Where are microglia found?
nervous system
Where are osteoclasts found?
bone
Where are Kupffer cells found?
liver
Where are alveolar macrophages found?
lungs
What do resident tissue macrophages do?
fight infection but also clear any damaged tissue
What do macrophages do?
perform phagocytosis
How are macrophages different than neutrophils?
has antibody receptors and when an antibody binds to an antigen it marks that antigen for phagocytosis by macrophagesW
What is the marking of an antigen for phagocytosis by macrophages called?
opsonization
What is the antibody that binds to an antigen for opsonization called?
opsonin
Where are dendrite cells found>
in different tissues
What can dendrite cells do?
perform phagocytosis on antigens and pathogens