Cytokine

Question 1

What ways are cytokines classified?

Answer 1

• interleukin
• chemokines
• endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine

Question 2

What do interleukin do?

Answer 2

communication between white blood cells

Question 3

What do chemokines do?

Answer 3

recruit specific cells to site of infection

Question 4

What does endocrine mean?

Answer 4

travels through bloodstream to target

Question 5

What does paracrine mean?

Answer 5

travels a short distance to target, typically traveling through tissue fluid

Question 6

What does autocrine mean?

Answer 6

acts on cell that selected it

Question 7

What do cytokines bind to and what happens?

Answer 7

cytokines will bind to its receptor on a target cell
- causes initiation transduction within cell
- results in alteration of enzyme activity and/or gene activation

Question 8

What are the 5 attributes of cytokines?

Answer 8

• pleiotropy
• redundancy
• synergy
• antagonism
• cascade induction

Question 9

What is pleiotropy?

Answer 9

the same cytokine may have different biological effects dropping on the target cell

Question 10

What is redundancy?

Answer 10

2 or more cytokines may mediate similar biological effects

Question 11

What is synergy?

Answer 11

combined effect of 2 cytokines on cellular activity is greater than their indicidual effects

Question 12

What is antagonism?

Answer 12

effect of one cytokine can inhibit the effect of another

Question 13

What is cascade induction?

Answer 13

cytokine acting on a target cell can result in cytokine production by the target cell

Question 14

What are the cytokine families?

Answer 14

• IL- Family
• Class 1 (hematopoietin) family
• Class 2 (Interferon) family
• Tumor Necrosis Factor Family
• IL-17 Family
• Chemokines

Question 15

What are IL- Family secreted by?

Answer 15

dendrite cells and macrophages

Question 16

What are IL-1 Family considered?

Answer 16

proinflammatory

Question 17

What does proinflammatory mean?

Answer 17

causes inflammation

Question 18

What are the systemic effects of IL-1 family?

Answer 18

it is a pyrogen

Question 19

What does being a pyrogen mean?

Answer 19

it causes fever

Question 20

What is Class 1 (hematopoietin) family secreted by?

Answer 20

a diverse set of cells

Question 21

What are Class 1 (hematopoietin) family considered?

Answer 21

hematopoietic

Question 22

What does Class 1 (hematopoietin) family do?

Answer 22

diverse function

Question 23

What makes up Class 2 (interferon) family?

Answer 23

• type I interferon
• type ii interferon
• type iii interferon

Question 24

What are the types of type I interferon?

Answer 24

• IFN - alpha
• IFN - beta

Question 25

What are the types of type II interferon?

Answer 25

- IFN - γ

Question 26

What are the types of type III interferons?

Answer 26

- IFN - λ

Question 27

What does Class 2 (interferon) family do?

Answer 27

increases expression of MHC complex proteins

Question 28

What are IFNS in class 2 (interferon) family involved in?

Answer 28

immune responses to viral infections

Question 29

What can Tumor Necrosis Factor family be?

Answer 29

soluble or membrane bound

Question 30

What tumor necrosis factor families are soluble?

Answer 30

- TNF - alpha - TNF - beta

Question 31

What tumor necrosis factor families are membrane bound?

Answer 31

- lymphotoxin beta - BAFF - APRIL - CD40L - FasL

Question 32

What is IL-17 family produced by?

Answer 32

TH17 cells

Question 33

What are IL-17 family?

Answer 33

proinflammatory

Question 34

What are chemokines considered?

Answer 34

chemoattractants

Question 35

What do chemoattractants do?

Answer 35

elicit chemotaxis

Question 36

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 36

soluble factor directed cell movement

Question 37

What does chemotaxis cause?

Answer 37

leukocyte rolling

Question 38

What is leukocyte rolling?

Answer 38

movement of leukocytes out of circulatory system towards the cite of infection, they stick along walls and "roll" and they slip through