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Psychology 201 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Your senses actively shape info about the outside world

A

T

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2
Q

Stimulus

A

any form of energy to which the sense organs (senses) can respond

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3
Q

Senses

A

systems translate info from outside the nervous system into neural activity

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4
Q

Sensations

A

messages from the senses that make up raw info that affects behavior & mental processes, sense organs respond to external stimuli

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5
Q

Perception

A

process through which messages from the senses are given meaning, brain’s interpretation of sensation

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6
Q

Accessory Structures

A

modify incoming energy, reshape incoming energy (light, sound)

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7
Q

Examples of accessory structures

A

pinna of the ear and lens of the eye

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8
Q

Neural receptors

A

receptor cells, perform transduction, changes environmental stimuli into neural activity

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9
Q

Sensory nerves

A

afferent neurons, transfer info from the receptor cells to the CNS

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10
Q

Info goes to the thalamus except for…

A

smell

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11
Q

Message is received in CNS - [blank]

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Sound

A

the repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium such as air/water

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13
Q

Amplitude

A

height from baseline to peak

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14
Q

Wavelength

A

distance from peak to peak

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15
Q

Frequency

A

cycles per second (Hz)

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16
Q

Physiological dimensions of sound

A

determined by physical characteristics: amplitude & frequency

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17
Q

Amplitude

A

loudness. greater amplitude, louder sound

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18
Q

Frequency

A

pitch, how high/low a tone is

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19
Q

Timbre

A

quality of sound, helps you determine a note played on a flute v a clarinet

20
Q

3 sections of the ear

A

outer, middle & inner

21
Q

2 parts of the outer ear

A

pinnna, auditory (ear) canal

22
Q

pinna

A

collects and shapes sound

23
Q

auditory (ear) canal

A

passageway

24
Q

2 parts of the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane, ossicles

25
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

ear drum, vibrates

26
Q

Ossicles

A

Three tiny bones: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) & stapes (stirrup). amplify sound

27
Q

5 parts of the inner ear

A

oval window, cochlea, basilar membrane, organ of Corti, acoustic/auditory nerve

28
Q

cochlea

A

snail-like structure, transduction occurs here

29
Q

transduction

A

turns a sensory stimulus into neural activity

30
Q

Basilar membrane

A

sheet of tissue that runs the length of the cochlea

31
Q

Organ of Corti

A

rests on Basilar membrane, contains thousands of tiny hair cells, tranduces sound into neural signals, hair cells connect to the acoustic/auditory nerve

32
Q

Acoustic/auditory nerve

A

bundle of nerves that goes into the auditory complex in the temporal lobe

33
Q

Auditory localization

A

partly by timing of sound arriving at each ear & partly by sound intensity difference at each ear

34
Q

deafness

A

caused by damage/deterioration of the middle or inner ear

35
Q

2 types of deafness

A

conduction (middle ear) and nerve (inner)

36
Q

Conduction deafness

A

bones of middle ear fuse together, prevents accurate conduction of vibrations

37
Q

Treatments of conduction deafness

A

surgery to break ossicles apart, plastic replacements for ossicles, hearing aids

38
Q

Nerve deafness

A

results from damage to acoustic nerve or, more commonly, the hair cells, damage occurs gradually w/age

39
Q

Possible environmental causes of nerve deafness

A

exposure to loud noises, ear buds on personal stereos

40
Q

1 possible treatment of nerve deafness

A

cochlear implant

41
Q

[Blank] is the stimulus of vision.

A

Light

42
Q

T or F: Most light is visible to the human eye.

A

F

43
Q

Light can travel without a [blank], unlike sound.

A

medium

44
Q

Light intensity

A

how much energy light contains determines brightness of the light

45
Q

Light wavelength

A

distance b/w peaks in light waves, short v long wavelength give the sensation of different colors

Psychology 201 (8 decks)

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