Chapter 15

Question 1

a series of events that leads to cell division

Answer 1

Cell Cycle

Question 2

Two copies of replicated DNA joined to each other are referred to as a pair of…

Answer 2

Sister Chromatids

Question 3

The pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Answer 3

Sex Chromosomes

Question 4

The 22 human pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex

Answer 4

Autosomes

Question 5

How many sets of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 5

23

Question 6

The term used to describe cells that carry 2 copies of each chromosomes

Answer 6

Diploid

Question 7

Specialized cells such as sperm and eggs

Answer 7

Gametes

Question 8

Gametes only contain one copy of each chromosome are described as…

Answer 8

Haploid

Question 9

In diploid cells, the term used to describe the chromosomes that pair together

Answer 9

Homologs (they are called homologous chromosomes).

Question 10

Cell Cycle, phase in which cell growth occurs

Answer 10

G1

Question 11

Cell Cycle, phase in which cell growth occurs

Answer 11

S

Question 12

Cell Cycle, phase in which ligands (proteins) necessary for cell division are produced

Answer 12

G2

Question 13

Cell Cycle, phase in which one cell is divided into two new cells

Answer 13

M phase

Question 14

The first three phases of the cell cycle

Answer 14

Interphase

Question 15

The two specific events that occur during M phase are (in order)

Answer 15

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Question 16

Process in which one cell nucleus divides into two nuclei

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

Process in which the cytoplasm of one cell is divided into two distinct daughter cells

Answer 17

Cytokinesis

Question 18

The progression through the cell cycle is a highly regulated process. Proteins responsible for advancing a cell through the phases of the cell cycle.

Answer 18

Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (cdks)

Question 19

Cyclins function at specific regulatory points throughout the cell cycle

Answer 19

Checkpoints

Question 20

The four main events that occur during mitosis are (in order

Answer 20

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 21

Mitosis phase in which replicated chromatin condenses to chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

Mitosis phase in which pairs of sister chromatids align in a single row along a plane halfway between the poles of the cell

Answer 22

Metaphase

Question 23

Mitosis phase in which connections between the pairs of sister chromatids are broken and each chromatid is pulled toward the pole to which they are attached

Answer 23

Anaphase

Question 24

Mitosis phase in which the chromatids reach their respective poles and begin to decondense into chromatin, at this point two new nuclei reform

Answer 24

Telophase

Question 25

The process of mitosis yields two

Answer 25

Identical somatic daughter cells

Question 26

The process that yields four non-identical haploid gametes.

Answer 26

Meiosis

Question 27

A distinct feature that separates Meiosis from Mitosis which occurs in Prophase I, in which physical exchange between chromosomes segments of homologous chromosomes.

Answer 27

Crossing over

Question 28

Steps of Meiosis

Answer 28

Meiosis 1
Prophase 1 chromatin condenses
Metaphase 1 homologous chromosomes align
Anaphase 1 homologous chromosomes pull apart
Telophase 1 nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes relax
Meiosis 2
Prophase 2 chromatin condenses
Metaphase. 2 sister chromatids align.
Anaphase 2 sister chromatids pull apart
Telophase 2 nuclear envelope reforms and chromatin relaxes.

Question 29

Steps And description of Mitosis

Answer 29

Prophase chromatin condenses and nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase condensed DNA aligns with sister chromatids on each side of metaphase plate
Anaphase sister chromatids pull apart
Telophase nuclear envelope begins to reform and chromosomes relax into chromatin.