Chapter 16/17

Question 1

The acquisition of traits by their transmission from parent to offspring.

Answer 1

Inheritance

Question 2

when two individuals of the same species with different characteristics are bred or crossed to each other.

Answer 2

Hybridization

Question 3

An identifiable characteristics of an organism

Answer 3

Trait

Question 4

a cross between two individuals in which only one trait is under study.

Answer 4

Monohybrid Cross

Question 5

In genetic crosses the parental generation

Answer 5

P Generation

Question 6

the first set of offspring from the parental generation

Answer 6

F1 Generation

Question 7

A cross between two members of the F1 generation

Answer 7

F2 Generation

Question 8

A variant form of a gene

Answer 8

Allele

Question 9

Alleles that are displayed

Answer 9

Dominant Alleles

Question 10

alleles that can be masked by the presence of a dominant trait

Answer 10

Recessive Alleles

Question 11

The genetic composition of an individual

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

the physical expression of an individuals genes

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

Individuals that posses two identical alleles for a given gene

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

individuals that posses two different alleles for a given gene

Answer 14

Heterozygous

Question 15

A common way to predict the outcome of a genetic cross is to draw a…

Answer 15

Punnett Square

Question 16

The study of the inheritance of a certain trait over the course of several generations

Answer 16

Pedigree Analysis

Question 17

Any gene located on a sex chromosome

Answer 17

Sex-linked Gene

Question 18

If the gene is only found on the X chromosome

Answer 18

X-Linked Gene

Question 19

An individual with only one copy of a particular gene (such as males are for X-linked traits)

Answer 19

Hemizygous

Question 20

The pattern of traits that occurs when the heterozygote has a phenotype intermeidate to the phenotypes of the homozygotes

Answer 20

Incomplete Dominance

Question 21

The pattern that occurs when the heterozygote displays both alleles simultaneously

Answer 21

Codominance

Question 22

When a gene has multiple effects on an individual’s phenotype

Answer 22

Pleiotropy

Question 23

When the environment can influence the expression of a gene, a range of phenotypes can be seen

Answer 23

Norm of reaction

Question 24

The pattern of traits determined by a pair of alleles that display a dominant/recessive relationship and are located on an autosome

Answer 24

Simple Mendalian Inheritance (Dominant masks the recessive)

Question 25

The pattern of inheritance in which the alleles of one gene mask the expression of the alleles of another gene

Answer 25

Epistasis

Question 26

Multiple genes contribute to the outcome of the trait. Quantitative traits (traits that have more than one or two distinct variations - such as human height)

Answer 26

Polygenic

Question 27

The pattern of inheritance in which modification of a gene or chromosome alters gene expression in a way that is fixed during an individual’s lifetime

Answer 27

Epigenetic Inheritance