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Pharmacology > Absorption > Flashcards

Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

What does a wider therapeutic range mean as far as drug safety goes?

A

Safer drug

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2
Q

What does a narrow therapeutic range mean as far as drug safety goes?

A

Less safe drug

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3
Q

Absorption is how

A

Drug enters blood or lymphatic system

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4
Q

If the drug conc. and action increase, then the absorption and distribution…

A

Increases

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5
Q

If the drug conc. and action decreases, then the metabolism and excretion will…

A

Decrease

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6
Q

Factors that influence absorption rate

A
  • transportation type
  • route of admin.
  • physiochemical properties of drug
  • drug conc.
  • protein binding
  • dosage forms
  • circulation at site of absorption
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7
Q

Passive diffusion depends on

A

Concentration gradient, molecule size, lipophilic nature, temp., membrane thickness

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8
Q

Smaller molecule size, higher lipid solubility, and thinner membranes cause the diffusion rate to

A

Increase

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9
Q

Time for absorption PO

A

Mins to hours

(Is primary ROA)

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10
Q

Sublingual/buccal absorption time

A

3-5 mins

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11
Q

Rectal absorption time

A

5-30 mins

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12
Q

Enteral routes of administration

A
  • PO
  • Sublingual/buccal
  • Rectal
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13
Q

Parenteral routes of administration

A
  • IV
  • SQ
  • IM
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14
Q

Time of absorption for IV

A
  • 30-60 sec
  • 100% bioavailability
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15
Q

Time of absorption IM

A

10-20 mins

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16
Q

Time of absorption SQ

A

15-30 mins

17
Q

Major factors that determine ROA in different species

A
  • small intestine
  • epithelial surface
  • motility
  • surface area
  • efflux proteins (p-glycoprotein)
18
Q

Rank solutions, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, slow release products, and tablets ROA in order from fastest to slowest

A
  • solutions
  • emulsions
  • suspensions
  • capsules
  • tablets
  • sustained release products
19
Q

Lipid soluble and unionized drugs are absorbed faster or slower?

A

Faster

20
Q

How do higher water partition coefficients affect absorption

A

Increases absorption

21
Q

How do drugs that are ionized and larger than 50 daltons move across cell membrane?

A

Active transport

22
Q

Drugs between 50-600 daltons move thru the cell membrane via

A

Passive diffusion

23
Q

When the pKa and pH are equal, that means

A

50% of the drug is ionized

24
Q

Unionized drugs pass through the membrane more difficult or easily?

A

Easily

25
Q

When pH is 1 unit below pKa, that means

A
  • acid 9% ionized
  • base 91% ionized
26
Q

When pH is 2 units below pKa, that means

A
  • acid is 1% ionized
  • base is 99% ionized
27
Q

pH partition hyposthesis

A
  • basic drugs in blood easily pass into acidic tissue/fluid and conc. there
  • acidic drugs conc. in basic tissue/fluid
28
Q

Will acidic drugs be absorbed more in the intestine or stomach?

A

Stomach b/c acid+acid= unionized

29
Q

In the intestine (more alkaline), will a weak acid or base be absorbed better?

A

Weak base

30
Q

To get rid of a drug, you should put it in a pH that is similar or different to it?

A

Similar

31
Q

F means what in pharmacology? Give the definition

A
  • Bioavailability
  • how much unchanged drug is in systemic circulation
32
Q

3 things used to describe bioavailability

A
  • Cmax: peak plasma conc.
  • time to reach peak conc.
  • AUC
33
Q

Bioavailability formula

A

100* ( (AUC po x Dose iv)/ (AUC iv x Dose po) )

34
Q

First pass effect

A

Drug metabolized at a specific site that reduces its concentration upon reaching its site of action

(Usually liver)

35
Q

Factors affecting bioavailability

A
  • first pass effect
  • gastric emptying
  • drug solubility
  • drug stability in GI fluids
36
Q

Drugs w/ extensive first pass effect

A
  • Morphine
  • propranolol
  • buprenorphine
  • diazepam
  • midazolam
  • pethidine
37
Q

Purpose of efflux proteins

A
  • move drugs and xenobiotics out cell
  • important in drug resistancer
38
Q

Mutation in MDR1 or ABCB1 genes in BBB dangerous bc

A

Causes toxic neurological effects with drugs like loperamide and ivermectin

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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