Drugs Affecting Blood

Question 1

List the 4 coagulation modifiers

Answer 1

• anticoag.
• hemostatics
• thrombolytics
• anti-platelets

Question 2

Hemantics

Answer 2

• Role: incr. biosynthesis of Hgb
• vitamin B12/ B Complexes
• folic acid, Fe Co, Cu
• microcytic anemia
• macrocytic anemia

Question 3

Thromboplastin

Answer 3

Prothrombin -> thrombin

Local hemostatic in Sx

Question 4

Thrombin

Answer 4

• fibrinogen -> fibrin
• control dental socket bleeding, laryngeal and nasal sx, cancellous bone, skin graft adhesive, upper GIT bleeding

Question 5

Fibrinogen

Answer 5

• converted by thrombin to fibrin
• used on denuded mm and as skin graft adhesive
• restores normal plasma fibrinogen

Question 6

Fibrin foam

Answer 6

Applied directly w/ pressure to stop hemorrhage

Question 7

Styptics

Answer 7

• oldest clotting drugs
• i.e. silver nitrate sticks, ferric sulfate, tannic acids

Question 8

NE and Epi

Answer 8

Some localized effects on small vessel bleeding

Question 9

Microcrystalline collagen

Answer 9

• sticks to wet surfaces
• absorbed in 6 weeks
• control hemostasis of venoarterial anastomosis or sx of spleen/liver

Question 10

Absorbable gelatin sponge

Answer 10

• sterile, non antigenic, H2O insoluble
• highly absorbent
• soaked in thrombin & left in bleeding area after sx wound closing
• liquefies in 3-5 days
• completely absorbed in 4-6 wks
• capillary/venous bleeding

Question 11

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

Answer 11

• Synthetic vasopressin
• SQ
• Controls bleeding in animals w/ low von-Willebrand factor (GDS, Goldens, mini schnauzers, dobermans)
• causes release of von-Willebrand factor from endothelial cells & macrophages

Question 12

Protamine sulfate

Answer 12

• from salmon sperm
• +vely charged & low MW
• strongly basic & neutralizes acidic heparin
• Tx for heparin OD

Question 13

List Antiplatelet agents

Answer 13

• aspirin
• clopidogrel
• ticlopidine
• dipyrimadole
• integrin inhibitors

Question 14

Function of antiplatelet agents

Answer 14

• prev. Thrombopathy assc. w/ feline cardiomyopathy
• reduce pulmonary endarteritis assc. w/ HW disease
• Tx for laminitis and navicular disease in horses

Question 15

Aspirin

Answer 15

• irrev. COX 1 inhibitor
• inhibits TXA2 (prev. Platelet aggreg.)
• indications: anti-inflamm, anti-coag (DIC, pulmonary arterial disease due to HW, cardiomyhopathy in cats, glomerular disease)
• toxic acute OD

Question 16

Clopidogrel

Answer 16

• early and long term risk red. Against thrombotic events
• used w/ aspirin for angina
• human approved
• MOA: inhibit ADP binding
• indications: thromboembolic disease in cats; hypercoagulable disease in K9
• oral SID
• interacts w/ cimetidine & phenytoin