Breast Cancer Flashcards
What are the risk factors for Breast Cancer? (7)
- Gender
- Increasing age (40+)
- Early menarche (menstruation) /late menopause
- Family history
- High fat diet
- Obesity
Symptoms of Breast Cancer? (3)
- Painless breast mass
- Painful breast mass
- Nipple discharge
what are the primary preventions for breast cancer? (4)
- Wellness
- Smoking Cessation
- Daily exercise
- Healthy diet:
- Low in saturated fat
- High in Fiber
- Low in saturated fat
what are the secondary preventions for breast cancer? (4)
- Mammogram :
Beginning yearly after 40yrs of age - Breast Self Exam (BSE)
>20 years of age - Perform after menstruation
- Same time every month
Tertiary preventions for breast cancer? (4)
- Symptom control
- Lymphedema
- Rehabilitation
- Reconstruction
what changes occur when you have breast cancer?
Change in size, contour, or texture of breast
Skin dimpling, puckering
Nipple discharge, retraction
Peau d’orange
what are the late signs/changes of breast cancer?
(Late signs)
1. Pain
2. Ulceration
3. Cachexia: A general state of ill health involving marked weight loss and muscle loss. (skin and bone)
what are the ways you can diagnose breast cancer? 2
- Ultrasound
- Consistency of breast masses (cyst or dense mass?)
- Biopsy
- Aspiration
- Incisional
- Excisional
all diagnoses:
BSE
Clinical exam
Mammography
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Axillary lymph node status
Diagnostic tests
BRCA -1 or BRCA 2
HER-2
Estrogen & progesterone receptors
surgical treatment for breast cancer?
- Lumpectomy: surgical removal of a discrete portion or “lump” of breast tissue
- Simple Mastectomy: removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin but not all the lymph nodes
- Radical or Modified Radical Mastectomy: removes entire breast
non surgical treatment for breast cancer?
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Hormonal manipulation
Radiation therapy consists of what?
- External (Teletherapy)
Using radiation beams to affected area
I2. internal (Brachytherapy)
Radium implants
Pellets
Seeds
What is hormone therapy?
Tamoxifen
Post op care for breast cancer?
Emotional support
General preop teaching
Specific training
complications of breast cancer surgery includes what?
lymphedema of the arm
lifelong potential complication