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IM 3 > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for Breast Cancer? (7)

A
  1. Gender
  2. Increasing age (40+)
  3. Early menarche (menstruation) /late menopause
  4. Family history
  5. High fat diet
  6. Obesity
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2
Q

Symptoms of Breast Cancer? (3)

A
  1. Painless breast mass
  2. Painful breast mass
  3. Nipple discharge
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3
Q

what are the primary preventions for breast cancer? (4)

A
  1. Wellness
  2. Smoking Cessation
  3. Daily exercise
  4. Healthy diet:
    • Low in saturated fat
      - High in Fiber
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4
Q

what are the secondary preventions for breast cancer? (4)

A
  1. Mammogram :
    Beginning yearly after 40yrs of age
  2. Breast Self Exam (BSE)
    >20 years of age
  3. Perform after menstruation
  4. Same time every month
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5
Q

Tertiary preventions for breast cancer? (4)

A
  1. Symptom control
  2. Lymphedema
  3. Rehabilitation
  4. Reconstruction
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6
Q

what changes occur when you have breast cancer?

A

Change in size, contour, or texture of breast
Skin dimpling, puckering
Nipple discharge, retraction
Peau d’orange

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7
Q

what are the late signs/changes of breast cancer?

A

(Late signs)
1. Pain
2. Ulceration
3. Cachexia: A general state of ill health involving marked weight loss and muscle loss. (skin and bone)

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8
Q

what are the ways you can diagnose breast cancer? 2

A
  1. Ultrasound
    • Consistency of breast masses (cyst or dense mass?)
  2. Biopsy
    • Aspiration
    • Incisional
    • Excisional
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9
Q

all diagnoses:

A

BSE
Clinical exam
Mammography
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Axillary lymph node status
Diagnostic tests
BRCA -1 or BRCA 2
HER-2
Estrogen & progesterone receptors

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10
Q

surgical treatment for breast cancer?

A
  1. Lumpectomy: surgical removal of a discrete portion or “lump” of breast tissue
  2. Simple Mastectomy: removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin but not all the lymph nodes
  3. Radical or Modified Radical Mastectomy: removes entire breast
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11
Q

non surgical treatment for breast cancer?

A
  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Radiation
  3. Hormonal manipulation
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12
Q

Radiation therapy consists of what?

A
  1. External (Teletherapy)
    Using radiation beams to affected area
    I2. internal (Brachytherapy)
    Radium implants
    Pellets
    Seeds
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13
Q

What is hormone therapy?

A

Tamoxifen

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14
Q

Post op care for breast cancer?

A

Emotional support
General preop teaching
Specific training

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15
Q

complications of breast cancer surgery includes what?

A

lymphedema of the arm
lifelong potential complication

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16
Q

how do you prevent and treat lymphedema of the arm?

A

prevent: elevation ROM ADl’s and protect
treatment: intermittent compression sleeve, manual masssage, elevation, diuretics
important to follow up w hcp

17
Q
A

IM 3 (14 decks)

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