Pharmacology| Treatment of Hypertension

Question 1

Describe the agents to treat stage 1 hypertension
(target=130/80)

Answer 1

1. ACE-Inhibitors OR
2. ARBs OR
3. CCB OR
4. Thiazide

Question 2

Describe agents used to treat stage 2(20/10 above target) hypertension.

Answer 2

Two drug combination:
1. (ACE-Inhibitor or ARBs) plus CCB
2. (ACE-I or ARBs)plus Thiazide

Question 3

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

HFrEF

Answer 3

First Line- ARB+ACE-I OR beta blocker.

If there’s oedema then add furosemide

After first line-Spironalactone

Question 4

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

HFpEF

Answer 4

First Line ACE-I or ARB

Add Beta-Blocker

If there’s oedema add furosemide,

Question 5

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

*Stable Ischaemic Heart Disease

Answer 5

First Line: Beta Blocker

Add ACE-I or ARB

If there’s Angina, add CCB

Question 6

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

*Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 6

First Line: ACE-I or ARB or CCB or Thiazide

If there’s albuminuria, use ARB or ACE-I

If there’s Ischaemia, add Beta Blocker.

Question 7

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 7

First line: ACE-I or ARB

Question 8

Describe the agents(combinations) used for treatment of hypertension compelling indications.

Secondary Stroke Prevention

Answer 8

Thiazide OR
THiazide plus ACE-I

Question 9

Describe the use of third-line agents in Hypertension treatment

Answer 9

1. Alphamethyldopa= preferred in preganacny
2. Doxazosin=used in benigh prostatic hyperplasia and bladder problems.

Question 10

Effective drug combinations in hypertension treatment

Describe the Effective drug combinations in hypertension treatment

Answer 10

1. ACE-I or ARB+Dihydropyridine CCB
   »Enalpril or Valsartan +Amlodipine
2. ACE-I or ARb plus Thiazide
   » Enalpril or Valsartan plus Hydrochlorothiazide.
   » This combination targets secondary stroke prevention
3. Beta-blocker plus thiazide
   »Bisoptolol plus Hydrochlorothiazide
   »these have an additive effect and target renin release.
4. Beta-blocker+ACE-I or ARB
   »Atenolol+Enalpril+Valsartan

adding Beta-blocker with ACE-I in SIHD reduces risk of Myocardial Infarc