Antimicrobials

Question 1

What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?

Answer 1

• bactericidial = kills bacteria
• bacteriostatic = keeps the infection down so that is unable to reproduce and then it dies off

Question 2

What are postantibiotic effects

Answer 2

• what can happen when antibiotic levels drop in the blood

Question 3

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

• mechanism: overuse/misuse allows our body or the bacteria to not be as responsive
• MRSA: meticillian resistance strain of staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

MRSA treatment

Answer 4

• doxycycline, bactrim or vanco (IV)

Question 5

What are broad spectrum antibiotics used to treat and what are some examples

Answer 5

• coverage against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
• flurorquinolones, beta-lactams. tetracyclines

Question 6

Which antiibiotic is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate

Answer 6

• augmentin which is not usually used first
• stronger antibiotic

Question 7

What common GI disorder is caused by use of broad spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 7

• C.Diff
• watery stool, diarrhea
• treatment with metronidazole or vanco (strong antibiotic)

Question 8

Which antibiotic is associated with tendonitis or rupture

Answer 8

• fluoroquinolones

Question 9

What are some antibiotic classifications gram +

Answer 9

• Penicillins (gram +)
• cephalosporins (gram +)
• macrolides (gram+)

Question 10

What are some antibiotic classifications: gram -

Answer 10

• amoxicillin (some gram -)
• aminoglycosides - (gram -)
• combinations (augmentin = gram -)

Question 11

What are some antibiotic classifications broad spec

Answer 11

• fluoroquinolones (broad spectrum)
• beta-lactams (broad spectrum)
• tetracyclines (broad spectrum)

Question 12

what does teratogenic mean

Answer 12

causes damage to a fetus

Question 13

PT relevance to antibiotics

Answer 13

• antibacterial selection
• education about antibiotic resistance
• looking for adverse reactions/ C. diff
• taking meds as directed

Question 14

Antiviral agents: how do they work

Answer 14

• block viral attachment and entry
• block nucleic acid uncoating
• prevent synthesis of viral RNA/DNA
• prevent protein synthesis
• Prevent viral packaging and assmebly
• block viral release

Question 15

1. what does a surface antibody test mean
2. what does a surface antigen test mean

Answer 15

• 1. test used to find antibody = exposed before
• 2. current infection where antigen was detected

Question 16

Influenza antiviral

Answer 16

• tamiflu
• must be taken within so many days of symptoms before the viral load it too much

Question 17

HIV antivirals - generally how are they taken

Answer 17

• variety that attack the virus in differnet stages
• treat early/often

Question 18

• Herpes antivirals

Answer 18

• varies
• acyclovir

Question 19

Hepatitis - types

Answer 19

• HCV - can be cured with now antivirals
• HBV - vaccine
• HBA - runs its course (comes from food, water etc)

Question 20

COVID-19: antivirals

Answer 20

• non- hospitalized patients = paxlovid, remdesivir, monoclonal antibodies
• hospitalized patients = varies on stage of infection

Question 21

PT relevance to antivirals

Answer 21

• look for nausea, vomitin
  arthralgia/myalgias

Question 22

Antifungal and Antiparasistc agents

Answer 22

• difficult to treat
• fluconozole
• relevnance to pT: ADR’s anemia, brusing, decreased exercise tolerance, interactions with other drugs
• some resistance
• antiparastic: metronidazol (few antibiotics that treat parasite)