6.1-6.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what drives weather and climate?

A

almost 100% energy flows from sun
- a little from molten core and tidal energy

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2
Q

~__% of sun’s rays are reflected back from earth’s surface

A

30%

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3
Q

albedo

A

fraction of sun’s energy reflected or scattered back into space
- reflected from earth’s surface or atmosphere
- contributes to E’s energy balance

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4
Q

~__ % of absorbed energy flows through the hydrologic cycle

A

50%

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5
Q

how is energy absorbed/released in the hydrologic cycle?

A
  • evaporation = water takes up energy
  • precipitation from freshwater = water releases energy
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6
Q

where are the effects of climate change the worst?

A

polar regions

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7
Q

shorter wavelength =

A

higher temp

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8
Q

steady balance of earth’s energy

A

constant flow of energy in/out = constant avg temps
- amnt of energy from sun –> earth = amnt of energy from earth –> space
- keeps temperatures cooler

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9
Q

earth emits ___

A

blackbody radiation

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10
Q

what wavelength(s) of light does earth radiate?

A

infrared light region = > 700 nm (earth = ~10,000 nm)

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11
Q

what wavelength(s) of light does the sun radiate?

A

visible light region = (400-700 nm)

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12
Q

energy flux from sun (S0) =

A
  • amount of light/area
  • = 1370 Wm^-2
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13
Q

Stefan Boltzmann law

A

rate at which blackbody radiates energy 4th power of absolute temp

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14
Q

Stefan boltzmann equation

A

S = kT4
- k = 5.67 x 10^-8 Wm^-2 x K^4

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15
Q

what is earth’s surface temp?

A

288 °K = 15 °C

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16
Q

greenhouse effect

A

atmosphere traps heat from radiating back = raises surface temp
- makes planet habitable (prevents world from freezing)
- enhanced too much, CO2 and ghgs increase trapping

17
Q

Total energy from sun =

A

15.1 x 108 TWh (terawatt hours)

18
Q

total energy reflected by atmosphere =

A

3.9 x 108 TWh

19
Q

photosynthesis energy =

A

0.024 x 108 TWh

20
Q

infrared radiation

A

earth re-radiates energy as infrared radiation
- beyond visible light spectrum
- long wavelength radiation = carrying heat

21
Q

blackbody radiation

A

radiation emitted from source that doesn’t generate any energy of its own (ex: earth doesn’t generate it’s own energy; receives from sun)
- amnt/type of energy emitted by objects at a certain temp

22
Q

infrared light wavelengths

A

> 700 nm

23
Q

visible light wavelengths

A

400-700 nm

24
Q

UV light wavelengths

A

< 400 nm

25
Q

wein’s law

A

peak wavelength (ƛ) = 2.9 x 10^6 nm*K / Temp (°K) = – nm

26
Q

wen’s law requires temperature in…?

A

Kelvin
- °K = T(°C) + 273

27
Q

% albedo (energy reflected back to space) =

A

0.3%

28
Q
A