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Applied Science for Paramedics > Cellular Injury > Flashcards

Cellular Injury Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers are there of structural organisation?

A

SIX

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2
Q

What are the different levels of organisation?

CCTOSO

A

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism

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3
Q

How many body systems are there?

A

11

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4
Q

What are the different body systems

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

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5
Q

“The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes” is what?

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

What is pathology

A

Study of disease / the structure of a disease

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7
Q

What are the 4 causes of cellular injury?

A

Hypoxia
Toxins
Infectious agents
Physical injury

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8
Q

What causes cellular change?

A

Stressors
Injury

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9
Q

What are the two responses of the cell to stressors called?

A

Adaptation
Death

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10
Q

Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?

A

Both

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11
Q

Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?

A

Both

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12
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decrease in the size of a cell

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13
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in the size of a cell

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14
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increase in number of cells

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15
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

A change in the type of cell

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16
Q
A
17
Q

What are the two cellular responses to stressors?

A

Adaptation
Death

18
Q

Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?

A

Both

19
Q

Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?

A

Both

20
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The decrease in the size of cell

21
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

An increase in the size of cell

22
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increase in number of cells.
(for example they may double).

23
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

A change in the type of cell.
(For example, they may get skinnier and become cilia cells).

24
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

A change in the type of cell. (For example, arrangement of the cell, abnormal architecture.

25
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

New growth of cells

26
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Controlled cell death

27
Q

What are the stages of apoptosis?

A

1.The cell shrinks and chromatin condenses.
2.Membrane starts breaking and organelle disintegrate.
3.Nucleus and organelle collapse, membrane continues to break.
4.Apoptotic bodies form.
5.Macrophages eat apoptotic bodies.

28
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Uncontrolled cell death

29
Q

What are the stages of necrosis?

A

1.Organelles swell.
2.Plasma membrane rupture, cellular and nuclear lysis cause inflammation.
3.Phagocytosis

30
Q

What are the differences between apoptosis and necrosis?

A

Necrosis-
Swelling
Leakage of cell content.

Apoptosis-
Shrinkage
Nuclear fragmentation
Apoptotic bodies
No leakage of cell content.

31
Q
A

Applied Science for Paramedics (64 decks)

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