Disorders of the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs

Question 1

What is vertigo?

Answer 1

A symptom - not a condition

Question 2

Where does peripheral vertigo affect?

Answer 2

Usually a problem with the inner ear

Question 3

Where does central vertigo affect?

Answer 3

Affects the brainstem or cerebellum

Question 4

What is menieres disease?

Answer 4

Dilation of the membranous labyrinth (hydrops)

Blockage of the endolymphatic duct.

Question 5

What are the signs and symptoms of Menderes disease?

Answer 5

Feeling of ear fullness
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Nausea and vomitting
Tinnitus
Acute hearing loss

Question 6

What is the treatment for vertigo and Menieres disease?

Answer 6

Antiemetics
Antihistamines with antiemetic effects

Question 7

What are the risk factors for a detached retina?

Answer 7

Significant eye trauma
Ageing
Diabetic retinopathy
Severe myopia
Previous eye surgery

Question 8

What are the three types of retina detachment?

Answer 8

Rhegmatogenous - ageing

Tractional - scar tissue on retina

Exudative - trauma/medical causes

Question 9

What are the signs and symptoms of a detached retina?

Answer 9

Loss of vision
Dark shadow/curtain vision
Floaters and flashes

Question 10

What is the treatment for a detached retina?

Answer 10

Laser surgery to reattach the retina

Question 11

Is a detached retina a medical emergency?

Answer 11

Yes as it can be susceptible to ischaemic damage

Question 12

What is otitis media?

Answer 12

Outer/middle ear infection

Question 13

What is the presentation of otitis media?

Answer 13

Increasing pain
Pyrexia
Sensation of water in the ear

Question 14

What are the complications of otitis media?

Answer 14

TM rupture
Hearing impairment
Meningitis

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 15

Cloudy/blurred vision
Difficulty with vision at night
Sensitivity to light
Double vision in a single eye

Question 16

What are the three types of cataracts?

Answer 16

Nuclear
Posterior sub capsular
Cortical cataract

Question 17

What are the risk factors of cataracts?

Answer 17

Age
Diabetes
Sunlight exposure
Smoking
Obesity
HTN
Previous eye surgery/injury
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Iris colour

Question 18

What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 18

Inflammation of the conjuctiva

Question 19

What are the 3 types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

Viral - highly contagious
Bacterial - highly contagious
Allergic

Question 20

What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?

Answer 20

Gaps or dark spots in vision
Colours appear faded
Photosensitivity
Reading difficulties
Difficulty recognising faces
Objects change shape, size, colour

Question 21

What are the 3 types of macular degeneration?

Answer 21

Dry - build up of DRUSEN

Wet - leaky blood vessels in macula

Juvenile - presents like wet, hereditary

Question 22

What are the risk factors of macular degeneration?

Answer 22

Age (50)
Family history and genetics
Race (caucasian)
Smoking
Obesity

Question 23

What are the risk factors for glaucoma?

Answer 23

Age
Family with it
Ethnicity
Eye trauma

Question 24

What are the 5 different types of glaucoma?

Answer 24

Open angle
Normal tension
Angle closure
Congential
Secondary

Question 25

What are the treatments for glaucoma?

Answer 25

Eye drops
Laser surgery
Non laser surgery