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EXAM 1 review > Synaptic cellular biology > Flashcards

Synaptic cellular biology Flashcards

1
Q

define chemical synapse

A

functional communication between 2 neurons or a neuron and a target cell

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2
Q

pre synaptic neuron

A

neuron that releases neurotransmitters that are stored in synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft

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3
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between the pre and post synaptic cells

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4
Q

post synaptic cell

A

cell on the other side of the synaptic cleft that expresses the neurotransmitter receptors facing the synaptic cleft

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5
Q

calcium mediates the binding vesicle to the cell membrane VIA which proteins

A

SNARE

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6
Q

SNARE proteins

A

large protein complexes attatched to the synaptic vesicles

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7
Q

calcium sensor protein that is a component of SNARE proteins

A

synaptotagmin

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8
Q

when calcium binds to synaptotagmin what happens

A

helps vesicle attatch to the membrane, neurotransmitter is then released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis.
- vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane and only the neurotransmitter enters the synaptic cleft

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9
Q

which neurotransmitters effect the PNS

A

acetylcholine
norepinepherine
epinephrine
serotonin

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10
Q

rate limiting factor for ACh

A

availability of choline for reaction

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11
Q

degradation of ACh

A

acetylcholine esterase (AChE)

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12
Q

norephinephrine is the one neurotransmitter that is synthesized within the ___

A

synaptic vesicle

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13
Q

norephineprine that leaks out of the vesicle into the sytoplasm and are converted by ____
to epinepherinee

A

PNMT

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14
Q

PNMT

A

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme found primarily in the adrenal medulla that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine. It is also expressed in small groups of neurons in the human brain and in selected populations of cardiomyocytes

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15
Q

rate limiting factor of NE and E

A

activity and availability of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) converting the amino acid tyrosine into L-DOPA

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16
Q

degeadation of NE

A

diffuse from synaptic cleft into the circulation and at the liver Monamine Oxidase (MAO) abd catchol -o-methyltransferase (COMT)

17
Q

rate limiting factor of serotonin

A

enzyme activity of tryptophase - 5 - hydroxylase convering the amino acid typtophan to 5-HTP

18
Q

Enzyme: Tryptophan-5-hydroxylase, Aromatic L-Amino Acid
Decarboxylase (AADC)
Rate-limiting factor: conversion of tryptophan to 5-HTP by
tryptophan-5-hydroxylase

A

Seratonin

19
Q

catecholamines (NE and E) are degraded via MAO and COMT whereas acetylcholine is
degraded via

A

AChE

20
Q

post synaptic receptor
Ionotropic

A

ligand-gated ion channels
o Results in membrane potential change
o FAST transmission

21
Q

post synaptic receptor
Metabotropic

A

G-protein coupled receptors
o Results in signal cascade of second
messengers
o SLOW transmission
o Tends to have longer lasting and
more diverse effects

22
Q

T or F
serotonin has both CNS and peripheral targets (bone remodeling,
lipolysis, glucose metabolism, bone marrow, gut microbiome

A

T

23
Q

T or F
One type of neurotransmitter can, however, bind to both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

A

T

24
Q

Enzymes needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters are first made in the _______

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

neuro transmitter enzymes are transported to the ____ and then down the axon to the presynapctic terminal

A

Golgi apparatus

26
Q

where are neurotransmitters synthesized in the cytoplasm

A

at the presynaptic terminal and then transported into synaptic vesicles
NE is an exception as it is synthesized in the presynaptic vesicles.

27
Q

exocytosis is ____ dependent

A

calcium

28
Q

neurotransmitter is released via ____

A

exocytosis

29
Q

where are small molecule transmitters made

A

pre synaptic area

30
Q

when are neurotransmitters released

A

in response to pre synaptic depolarization and the release is Ca2+ dependent

31
Q

specific receptors exist on the post synaptic cell that mind the molecule

A
31
Q

specific mechanisms exist which terminate its

A

action

32
Q

action potentials depolarize the ___ membrane

A

pre synaptic

33
Q

voltage gated Ca2+ channels VGCC on the presynaptic membrane open

A
34
Q

intracellular Ca2+ increase 1000 fold

A
35
Q

TETANUS AND BOULINUM TOXIN INHIBIT SNARE FUNCTION

A
36
Q

define endocytosis

A

following vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release the vesciles needs to be recycled through a process called endocytosis

37
Q

neurotransmitter synthesis in cytoplasm followed by transport into synaptic vesciles except for

A

norepinephrine where last step of biosynthesis occurs inside the vesscile

EXAM 1 review (15 decks)

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