pathology

Question 1

what are the four respiratory defenses

Answer 1

particle deposition from turbinates
mucociliary escalator
alveolar macrophages
inflammation and immune response

Question 2

number one cause of congestion and edema in the lungs

Answer 2

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure from L CHF

Question 3

what is a major cause of thrombosis

Answer 3

endothelial damage

Question 4

what causes endothelial damage

Answer 4

gram negative septicemia

Question 5

embolus

Answer 5

any foreign body circulating in the blood

Question 6

what can cause decreased oncotic pressure and tertiary pulmonary edema

Answer 6

nephritis and or cirrhosis

Question 7

what are the four main causes of atelectasis

Answer 7

fetal
obstructive
compressive
hypostatic

Question 8

example of something that causes compressive atelectasis

Answer 8

pyothorax, chylothorax, pneumothorax. fluid, pus, air

Question 9

forced expiration in ruminants causes what

Answer 9

interstitial emphysema

Question 10

primary lung epithelial tumors originate from ___________ and are frequently located in ___________

Answer 10

alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium, pulmonary hilum

Question 11

where is bronchopneumonia located

Answer 11

cranioventral and firm

Question 12

interstitial pneumonia route of entry

Answer 12

aerogenous or hematogenous

Question 13

what causes fibrin

Answer 13

severe acute vascular damage.

Question 14

describe fibrinous pneumonia

Answer 14

cranioventral consolidation with fibrin on the pleural surface

Question 15

what are two sequelae to fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 15

pleural adhesions and lung sequestrum

Question 16

how can you distinguish aspiration pneumonia

Answer 16

foul smell and unilateral distribution

Question 17

what are the common etiologies for diffuse interstitial pneumonia

Answer 17

viral, gas, allergy

Question 18

what is the key feature of diffuse interstitial pneumonia

Answer 18

inflammation of the alveoli/alveolar walls inhibits lung from collapsing

Question 19

multifocal lesions with white center and red halo?

Answer 19

embolic pneumonia

Question 20

three top causes of embolic pneumonia

Answer 20

RCHF endocarditis, jugular thrombosis, hepatic abscesses rupture into the vena cava.

Question 21

dorsal distribution of nodular granulomas

Answer 21

verminous pneumonia

Question 22

pig comes in with dorsal diaphragmatic pneumonia with fibrin. what is the agent and what is the type?

Answer 22

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, fibrinous bronchopneumonia even though it is the wrong location

Question 23

highly pathogenic bacteria that cause fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 23

M. haemolytica, A. pleuropneumoniae

Question 24

what is bronchiectasis

Answer 24

dilation and rupture of bronchial wall due to enzymatic effect of neutrophils and macrophages. irreversible