cardiac parasitology Flashcards
PPP of dirofilaria immitis
6-7 mo
what is the role of wolbachia
needed for dirofilaria to survive and reproduce
where is the primary damage for heart worm
pulmonary arteries then heart
what are some common presentations of heartworms in the heart
tricuspid insufficiency due to increased atrial pressure, hypertrophy of right ventricle, stenosis of the pulm artery from worms occupying space
what happens when the worms die?
vasoactive amines released by worms, causes issues to vessels: thickened, dilated, tortuous, etc
wolbachia releases causing inflammatory cytokines
what test/s recommended for cats suspecting heartworm
antibody detection
test/s recommended for dogs
microfilaria detection (smear/ knotts)
antigen detection
what does the antigen tests detect
antigen found mostly in female reproductive tracts
what would cause a false negative in an antigen test
male infection, few female infection, prepatent infection
when do we heat treat the antigen tests for dogs
endemic area with no preventative
unknown hx of preventatives
antigen - test with microfilaria
- tests but highly sus
the only FDA approved preventatives for heartworms are
macrocyclic lactones
larvae in the dog more than ______ days are no longer considered susceptible to the drug
42-60 days (6-8 weeks)
________ containing products for external parasites can reduce transmission of heartworms to dogs
pyrethroid
protocol for treatment if you cant do the arsenical therapy
doxy for 4 weeks, monthly oral HW preventative, exercise restriction.
2 consecutive NAD tests 6 mo apart
how is heartworm disease caused in cats
small numbers of worms in the pulmonary arteries causes inflammatory reaction. dead worms are more damaging than living
