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Biology > Classification and biodiversity > Flashcards

Classification and biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What does more recent branching on a phylogenetic tree mean?

A

It means that the species are more closely related.

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2
Q

What does hierarchy mean?

A

It’s a system in which smaller groups are components of larger groups.

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3
Q

What is the hierarchy of biological classification?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- Largest to smallest
- Remember king prawn curry or fat greasy sausages.

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4
Q

What is a taxon?

A

Any group within a system of classification.
e.g. class is a taxon

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5
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota.

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6
Q

What are Eubacteria?

A

They are common bacteria such as E.coli and salmonella.

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7
Q

What are Archaea?

A

These are bacteria, and often have unusual metabolism. Many are extremophiles.

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8
Q

What Kingdoms does Eukaryota contain?

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Protoctista.

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9
Q

What is the five kingdom system?

A

This system classifies organisms based on their physical appearance. It includes Prokaryota, Protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia.

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10
Q

What domains include Prokaryota?

A

Eubacteria and Archaea.

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11
Q

What domain includes Protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia?

A

Eukaryota.

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12
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

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13
Q

What does the kingdom Prokaryota contain?

A

Bacteria.

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14
Q

What does the kingdom Protoctista contain?

A

-Some have similar cells, these include seaweed, algae or sea lettuce.
-Some have only one cell and are the major component of plankton.

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15
Q

What does the kingdom plantae contain?

A

-Mosses, horsetails and ferns which reproduce with spores.
-Conifers and flowering plants that reproduce with seeds.

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16
Q

What does the kingdom fungi contain?

A

-Yeasts that are singled celled.
-Moulds such as penicillium and mushrooms.

17
Q

What does taxa is discrete mean?

A

Each organism belongs to one taxa and not another

18
Q

What does tentative nature mean?

A

Classification of an organism can change as new information is discovered

19
Q

What does homologous structure mean?

A

Similar structure but a different function, developed from a common ancestor

20
Q

What does analogous structure mean?

A

Have a similar function but a different structure, did not develop from a common ancestor

21
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Development of similar features in unrelated organisms in the same environment

22
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Development of different structures in related organisms in different environments

23
Q

How does DNA hybridisation work?

A

DNA from 2 different species cut into fragments, they are mixed and where the base pairs are complementary they hybridise.

24
Q

How does immunology work?

A

Mix antigens of one species with antibodies from another species, they will coagulate.
The more closely related the more coagulation

25
Q

What are the 3 advantages of the binomial system?

A

Unambiguous naming
Based on latin so can be used worldwide
Implies two species sharing part of their name are closely related

26
Q

What does species richness mean?

A

The number of species

27
Q

What does species evenness mean?

A

The number of organisms within each species

28
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

Where the allele is on the same gene, a type of discontinuous variation.

29
Q

What does it mean if a gene has more alleles?

A

Its locus is more polymorphic and will be able to produce more phenotypes, this increases biodiversity

30
Q

What is a SNP?

A

Single nucleotide polymorphism

31
Q

Summarise natural selection

A

Chance mutations in DNA lead to variation/advantageous allele. The organism with this allele has a higher chance of survival and breeding therefore passing the allele to offspring.
This increases the allele in future populations

32
Q

What are anatomical traits?

A

Appearance

33
Q

What are behavioural traits?

A

Breeding traits etc, e.g plants flower when pollinators are out or flamingos danceW

Biology (26 decks)

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