Lecture 2

Question 1

what is the function of glandular epithelial tissue

Answer 1

synthesis and secretion of glandular products

most glandular epithelium have a surface epithelium

Question 2

what is a gland

Answer 2

a single or a group of epithelial cells that secrete

Question 3

what is secretion

Answer 3

a process where substances are discharged from a cell or gland

cells that do the discharging are called secretory cells

Question 4

what is excretion

Answer 4

how secreted substances are released and removed from the gland

Question 5

what is glandular epithelium

Answer 5

they are invaginations (like dips look like pitcher plant) of the surface epithelial tissue that form glands
help in secretion and excretion
divided into exocrine (with ducts)
endocrine (without ducts) -right into blood stream

they are formed by downward growth of cells into the connective tissue

Question 6

Exocrine gland
structure of ducts
structure of the secretory component
secretion method

Answer 6

only exocrine glands have a duct system - simple unbranched and compound branched

their secretory components are coiled/branched: acinar/alveolar, tubular, tubuloacinar

and the secretion methods are apocrine, merocrine and holocrine

Question 7

Endocrine gland
structure of the secretory component
secretion method

Answer 7

they only have secretory components :
clumped and cord
follicular

Question 8

how do exocrine glands work

Answer 8

they release SECRETIONS onto the surface epithelium via a duct or duct system

types of secretions are mucus, serous, sweat, and lipid

Question 9

how do endocrine glands work

Answer 9

they release secretions directly into the blood stream of the extracellular fluid affecting cells near them or throughout the whole body

THEY HAVE NO DUCTS

secretion types are hormones, steroids and proteins

pancreas (both endo and exorine), parotid gland, thyroid

Question 10

what is apocrine

Answer 10

it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
the secretions are released intact vesicle along with a little cytoplasm from the apical surface of the cells

mammary glands, some sweat glands

Question 11

what is merocrine

Answer 11

it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
also known as Eccrine
when secretions are released by exocytosis from membrane bound vesicles in a way that cell membrane are not damaged

examples salivary glands

Question 12

what is holocrine

Answer 12

it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
when secretions are released with the epithelial cell

sebaceous glands in the skin

Question 13

what are the two components of exocrine glands and what are they composed of

Answer 13

secretory portion composed of uni/multicellular glands

excretory duct

Question 14

what are unicellular glands

Answer 14

found in exocrine glands
they are INDIVIDUAL cells that secrete product
they do NOT have ducts

associated with columnar cells with goblet cells

goblet cells secret mucin to create the mucous layer in respiratory system and intestine

Question 15

what are multicellular cells

Answer 15

found in exocrine glands
MANY (MULTI) cells that secrete

HAVE DUCTS OR DUCT SYSTEM that can be simple to compound

the shape can be acinar/alveolar (like a pitcher plant)

or tubular (like a tube)

arranged as coiled or branched

Question 16

what is simple acinar

Answer 16

SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
it is on the inside pocket of the surface epithelium - the neck of the pitcher plant
it is lined by secretory cells

the structure of the excretory duct is simple
the structure of the secretory unit is acinar

therefore the morphological description is simple acinar

found in penile urethra

Question 17

what is simple branched acinar

Answer 17

SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
it is a branched aninus that empties into a single duct - hair shaft

structure of excretory duct - simple
structure of secreotry unity - branched acinar

therefore morph is simple acinar
the cells that make up the acinar units are polygonal therefore there is no surface epithelium morph

found in the sebaceous glands of skin

Question 18

what is simple tubular

Answer 18

SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
secretory cells that are arranged looking like a tube

lined by secretory cells, goblet cells, and columnar cells

excretory duct system: simple
secretory unit : tubular
glandular morph : simple tubular

the morph of the surface epithelium would be simple columnar with goblet cells and microvilli

intestine

Question 19

what is simple branched tubular

Answer 19

SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
when there are several secretory units that merge onto ONE UNBRANCHED duct

mucus cells line the duct - NOT goblet cells

structure of excretory duct system: simple
secretory unit: branched tubular
glandular morph: simple branched tubular
morph of surface epithelium: simple columnar

found in stomach- gastric pit

Question 20

what is simple coiled tubular

Answer 20

SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
a single tube that has been tightly coiled in 3 dimensions
has a long unbranched excretory duct and coiled secretory duct

excretory duct: simple
secretory duct: coiled tubular
glandular morph: simple coiled tubular

surface epithelium morph of secretory unit is simple cuboidal
surface epithelium morp of excretory duct is stratified cuboidal

sweat glands in skin

Question 21

what are compound exocrine glands

Answer 21

with branching duct system
branching secretory units
glands are lobulated

Question 22

what is compound acinar

Answer 22

type of compound exocrine glands
made up of branching ducts with spherical secretory units
each acinar unit drains into its own duct which then drains into a bigger duct

serous secretion

excretory duct structure: compound
secretory unit structure: acinar

glandular morph: compound acinar
surface epithelium if excretory ducts - simple cuboidal or simple columnar

found in parotid gland

Question 23

what is compound tubular

Answer 23

type of compound exocrine glands
made up of branching ducts with tubular secretory units

secretion is mucus type

duct system structure: compound
secretory unit structure: tubular
glandular morphology: compound tubular
surface epithelium of the excretory ducts:
-simple or stratified cuboidal
-simple or stratified columnar

found in sublingual glands

Question 24

what are compound tubuloacinar

Answer 24

type of compound exocrine glands
composed of branching ducts with both tubular and acinar secretory units

have both serous and mucous secretory cells

excretory duct system structure: compound
secretory unit structure: tubuloacinar
glandular morphology: compound tubuloacinar

the surface epithelium of excretory cells :
-simple or stratified cuboidal
-simple or stratified columnar

submandibular glands

Question 25

endocrine glands can be morphologically described as

Answer 25

clumped and cord
follicular

Question 26

what is clumped and cord

Answer 26

morph description of endocrine glands

secretory cells that secrete hormones right into the bloodstream
randomly arranged in clumps or they form columns

Glandular morphology of secretory units: CLUMP AND CORD.
found in all endocrine glands EXCEPT thyroid

Question 27

what type of organ is the pancreas

Answer 27

endocrine
but it has an exocrine and endocrine function

• Glandular morphology of endocrine portion: CLUMP AND CORD (islet of langerhans)
• Glandular morphology of exocrine portion: COMPOUND ACINAR

Question 28

what is follicular

Answer 28

morph description of endocrine glands

composed of follicles that act as storage units for hormones released by secretory cells aka follicular cells

the secretory cells that line the follicles are cuboidal

Glandular morphology: FOLLICULAR
* Surface epithelium of the secretory cells: * Simple cuboidal (with microvilli).

found in thyroid