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micro anatomy > lecture 2.1 > Flashcards

lecture 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

epithelium which attaches to the connective tissue

it is a semi permeable membrane
- nutrients
-gas exchange
-water transport

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2
Q

what is connective tissue

A

it is support tissue
provides structure
strength
storage
transport
repair

it is vascular except for catrilage

examples are tendons, adipose tissue, bones, cartilage, blood

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3
Q

What is connective tissue composed of and how is it derived

A

it is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix (made up of protein fibers and ground substances)

Derived from mesenchymal stem cell - embryological tissue where all types of connective/supporting tissue is derived

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4
Q

what are the extracellular matrix fibers in connective tissue composed of

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin

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5
Q

What is collagen

A

-main fiber type in the ECM of connective tissue and most abundant protein
-secreted by fibroblasts
-there are 5 types of collagen (secreted as tropocollagen)
-eosinophilic

since it is so strong it has tensile strength and helps resist pulling, stretching and tearing

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6
Q

what is elastin

A

fiber in ECM of connective tissue

-made up on tropoelastin
-is differentiated by collagen fibers using a special stain
-arranged as fibers or continuous sheets
-secreted as tropelastin

  • stretch and recoil

found in lung, bladder, aorta, heart and skin

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7
Q

what is reticulin

A

fiber in ECM of connective tissue

-it is a type lll collagen
-produced by fibroblasts
-found in hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue
- branching fibers
-found in stroma of lymphoid organs
-stain with silver stain only making them argyrophilic

  • it is a works as a support fiber and provides a framework around cellular tissue

liver, spleen, bone marrow,

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8
Q

what are the germ layers of connective tissue cells

A

Ectoderm
-nervous tissue, epidermis cells, and pigment cells,

Mesoderm
-muscle cells, skeleton, heart, kidney, blood

Endoderm
-endocrine glands, lungs, GI tract

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9
Q

what types of cells come from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells?

A

embryological tissue where all types of connective/supporting tissue is derived

osteoblast, osteocyte
adipocyte
endothelial cells
mesothelial cells

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10
Q

what type of cells come from hematopoietic stem cell

A

RBCs
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
basophil
b lymph

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11
Q

what are fibro blasts (active with oval nuc) and fibrocytes (spindle shaped with flat nuc)

A

-they help to synthesize fibers and ground substance ( a gel made up of glycoproteins and carbs )
-they are the main cells in dense connective tissue

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12
Q

structure of fibroblasts

A

-Active Connective tissue cells
-spindle shaped cells
-large oval nucleus
-they are the main cells in dense connective tissue

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13
Q

structure of fibrocytes

A

-INactive Connective tissue cells
-spindle shaped cells
-small flat nucleus
-they are the main cells in dense connective tissue

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14
Q

what are chondroblasts

A

-cells that are found in the cartilage tissue
-precursor cells that turn into chondrocytes
-active and secrete into the ECM around them
-found on the surface of the cartilage

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15
Q

what are chondrocytes

A

-cells that are found the cartilage tissue
-inactive mature cells found in the lacunae
-surrounded by cartilaginous ECM

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16
Q

what are the cells that make up bone tissue

A

osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

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17
Q

what is an osteoblast

A

-precursor cells that turns into osteocytes
-secret into the ECM around them
-found on the surface of the bone

forming/building

18
Q

what is an osteocyte

A

-inactive mature cell
-found in the lacunae
-surrounded by bony ECM

19
Q

what is an osteoclast

A

-large cells with many (10-15) nuclei
-secret acid phosphatase and enzymes to reabsorb old osteocytes
-maintain bone metabolism (breaking down/reabsorbing bone tissue)

20
Q

what are adipocytes and how many types are there

A

-fat cells that store lipid found in adipose connective tissue
-singly or in small clusters
-stain pale since lipid content is not preserved during staining and nuclei is compressed to one side of the cell

White adipose tissue - Adult used for energy storage, insulation, cushioning

Brown Adipose tissue - thermoregulation found in newborns and hibernating animals (lobules)

21
Q

what is endothelial cell

A

flat cells that line the endothelium (surface lining blood vessels and lymph vessels)

22
Q

what is a mesothelial cell

A

-flat cells that line the mesothelium (the membrane that covers the body cavities)

23
Q

during in inflammatory response what would you see in tissue

A

neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells

24
Q

what would you see in the tissue as a response to an allergic reaction

A

eosinophils with orange granules

25
Q

what is job of RBC

A

-erythrocytes
-contain red pigment called hemoglobin
- deliver O2 to tissues and release CO2 from your lungs

26
Q

what are macrophages and which tissue types do they exist in

A

-phagocytes - destruction of bacteria

-Kupffer cells of liver
-alveolar macrophage - lungs
-microglia - CNS
-Langerhans cells -skin

27
Q

what is a mast cell and where is a found

A

-responds to antigen- antibody reactions
-anaphylaxis
-secretes heparin and histamine from cytoplasm

28
Q

what are plasma cells

A

-derived from b lymph
-secretion of AB to provide humoral immunity
-cytoplasm is eosinophilic

29
Q

what are the two types of connective tissues and what are they composed of

A

-Classification is based on fiber orientation
-this is how the CT is morphologically described

*Connective tissue proper (dense)
-loose (aerolar) ordinary -adipose, reticular
-dense regular
-dense irregular

*Specialized connective tissue
-supporting connective tissue: bone and cartilage
-fluid connective tissue :blood

30
Q

What is LOCT

A

-Loose ordinary CT (aerolar)
-found in loose wavey fibers
-flimsy collagen fibers
-cellular with alot of matrix
-vascular
-support, strength, elasticity
-found in deep layers of skin, around blood vessels, organs

example is LAMINA PROPRIA - GI tract with lots of WBC

31
Q

what is adipose CT

A
  • LOCT
    -made up of adipocytes in lobules where the nuclei and cytoplasm are located peripherally
    -functions in energy storage and insulation
    -found in hypodermis , kidneys, heart
32
Q

what is reticular CT

A
  • LOCT
    -like net with loosely arranged cells
    -found in stroma (framework) of hematopoietic tissue (bone marrow) and lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes)
    -functions to form stromas, binds smooth muscle cells, filters out old cells in the spleen and microbes in the lymph nodes)
33
Q

what is DRCT

A

-regular dense connective tissue
-mostly fibroblasts/cytes so basically collagen fibers packed into bundles
-muscle contraction
-found in muscles and ligaments

poor vascularization

34
Q

what is DICT

A

-dense irregular ct
-collagen fibers in an interlacing pattern
-stand tension
-found in places that experience stretching like skin, fibrous capsule of organs and joints

35
Q

what type of CT is bone

A

-specialized connective tissue specifically supporting connective tissue
-also known as osseous tissue
-consists of osteocytes
-found in skeletal system
-functions in support, joint movement , protection, CA/PO4 reservoir
-there are compact and cancellous (spongy) bones

36
Q

what type of CT is cartilage

A

-specialized connective tissue specifically supporting connective tissue
-composed of CHONDRO AND ECM
-avascular
-hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

37
Q

what is hyaline cartilage

A

-most abundant type of cartilage
-blueish white with a shiny background
-provides smooth surface for movement at joints
-found at the end of long bones , nose, fetal skeleton

38
Q

what is elastic cartilage

A

-made up of CHONDRO, collagen and elastin
-provides flexibility and support
-epiglottis, external ear, laryngeal

39
Q

what is fibrocartilage

A

-made up of CHONDRO and dense CT
-attachment near tendon or ligament
-provide tensile strength

40
Q

what type of CT is blood

A

-specialized connective tissue specifically fluid connective tissue
-contains plasma ground substance + RBCs + WBCs + platelets

micro anatomy (14 decks)

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