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Business > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

how are staff seen as a cost

A

don’t add value
wages, sickness, holidays need to be budgeted for
recruitment costs
training to improve productivity

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2
Q

how are staff seen as an asset

A

benefit to the business
training & experience
participate in decision making
more autonomy over work

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3
Q

what is multi-skilling and its advantages

A

workforce can be moved around from one job to another
fewer staff needed
more interesting for employees
increased efficiency

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4
Q

what is part time work and its advantages

A

> 35 hours a week of work
+/ flexible hours
often used on extended hours or weekends

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5
Q

what is temporary work and its advantages

A

employed for a fixed time such as 6 months
+/ seasonal based work fill posts that are being phased out
paid more when job is essential

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6
Q

what is flexible work and its advantages

A

flexibility in the hours workers need to be in the business
+/ scheduled for peak times increased productivity easier communication

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7
Q

what is home working & its advantages

A

work from home or in any other premise
+/ reduced office costs & overheads
attracts employees

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8
Q

advantages & disadvantages of flexible working

A

+/ expand & control workforce quickly
response to change in demand cheaper
-/ less commitment
complex communication

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9
Q

what is a zero hours contract

A

employment contracts with no guarantied hours

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10
Q

what is outsourcing

A

paying a specialist business to carry out a specific task for the business

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11
Q

what is redundancy

A

reducing the size of the workforce, could be due to mergers or closures

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12
Q

what is the difference between dismissal & redundancy

A

dismissal - gross miss conduct
redundancy - job no longer exists

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13
Q

state 3 changes in the labor market

A

decline in trade unions
ageing population
decline in manufacturing jobs

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14
Q

what is individual bargaining and its advantages

A

worker & manager sit face to face & discuss terms & conditions
+/ compromise is come to easier

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15
Q

what is collective bargaining and its advantages

A

representation of all workers meeting with manager
+/ greater power to get action

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16
Q

what is job analysis

A

identifies & determines the particular duties & requirements of the job & knowledge & skill needed

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17
Q

what is job description

A

the tasks involved in the job and employment conditions

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18
Q

what is the person specification

A

skills, knowledge & experience needed by an individual, education requirements

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19
Q

define chain of command

A

the order in which authority & power in an organization is wielded and delegated

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20
Q

define hierarchy

A

the layers in a business the ‘formal structure’ relationship between people in the business and the line of communication

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21
Q

advantages & disadvantages of hierarchy

A

+/ clear lines of authority
career paths & development
accountability for actions
-/ poor flexibility
communication barriers
expensive

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22
Q

advantages & disadvantages of flat organizational structure

A

+/ greater communication
less bureaucracy
easier decision making
-/ limit growth
small organisations

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23
Q

advantages & disadvantages of tall organizational structure

A

+/ clear promotion ladder
employees closely supervised
-/ increased management costs
slow decision making

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24
Q

advantages of a narrow span of control

A

more effective feedback from workers
close supervision

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25
advantages of wide span of control
workers given more independence less managers needed
26
define matrix
company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid or matrix rather than a traditional hierarchy
27
what is the difference between centralized & decentralized
centralized: all decisions & processes are handled strictly at the top decentralized: decisions & responsibilities are delegated to lower levels
28
what does organized by function mean
divided into smaller groups based on specialized functional areas
29
what does organized by project mean
divided into teams of workers with different skills who focus on one product/project
30
advantages of matrix
break down traditional department barriers improved communication use skills in a variety of contexts greater motivation
31
disadvantages of matrix
not clear lines of accountability difficult to co-ordinate takes time to get used to new structure may neglect their functional responsibilities
32
advantages & disadvantages of centralized structure
+/ consistency easier co-ordination economies of scale -/ less flexibility less motivation more paperwork
33
advantages & disadvantages of decentralized structure
+/ decisions made closer to customers improved customer care -/harder to keep financial control less consistency
34
define motivation
enjoyment of work and desire to achieve
35
why is motivation important
better productivity = lower unit cost lower levels of absence less staff turnover = lower training & recruitment costs
36
state some financial & non-financial methods of motivation
financial: piece work commission profit share non-financial: delegation job rotation team working
37
what's Taylors scientific management motivation theory
fair days pay for fair days work employees do minimum work if not supervised
38
according to Taylors scientific management motivation theory what's the main factor in motivation
high wage = high output
39
in Taylors scientific management motivation theory what's the best way for employees to work
break jobs in small repetitive tasks done the same way minimize skill required
40
what are the problems with taylors scientific management motivation theory
repetitive jobs are often demotivating
41
what are the issues with Mayos theory of human relations
employees may feel constantly watched
42
according to Mayos theory of humans relations should a business maximize productivity
better communication & feedback working in groups greater manager involvement
43
what's Mayos theory of human relations motivation theory
people valued working in a team over money
44
what are the 5 needs in Maslow's hierarchy
staff actualization esteem needs belonging safety physiological
45
what are the problems with Maslows hierarchy needs
progress is often disrupted by failure to meet a lower level need
46
what are motivating factors
interesting work recognition responsibility scope to develop
47
what are hygiene factors
good working conditions good pay good relationships with other employees
48
whats Herzbergs 2 factor motivation theory
hygiene factors don't influence motivation of employees only motivating factors do
49
what are the problems with Herzberg's theory
these things may be taken for granted if not met workforce is dissatisfied
50
state some quality's of a leader
self-assured charismatic team orientated conscientious
51
what is the difference between leadership and management
leadership - motivates & inspires people - changes the direct business strategy management - official position of responsibility - direct & monitors others
52
what is autocratic leadership
full control of decision making employees have little to no input good in crisis situation motivation through rewards
53
what is democratic leadership
encourages participation in decision making strong coaching, listening and motivating skills teamwork and communication prepared to make final decision
54
what is paternalistic leadership
decision making in ' father like' style workers best interests in mind leader doesn't expect decisions to be questioned
55
what is laissez faire leadership
gives employees as much freedom as possible communicate goals to employees but allows them to choose how to complete these objectives, make decisions and resolve problems on their own
56
define chain of command
the order in which authority and power in an organization is wielded and delegated
57
define hierarchy
the layers in a business the formal relationships between people in the business and the line of communication
58
define span of control
the amount of people under supervision of a manager
59
what is delegation
responsibilities and authority is handed out to other people in the business
60
what is delayering
reducing the amount of layers in a businesses organizational structure
61
what is a matrix structure
company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid or matrix rather than traditional layering
62
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure
+/ lower wages employees have more responsibilities better communication -/ wide span of control low promotion opportunity limit/hinders growth
63
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a tall structure
+/ high opportunity for promotion so higher motivation narrow span of control -/ higher wages harder to communicate decisions take longer to make
64
what are the advantages of a narrow span of control
keeps employees on task easy to ask questions feedback from employees
65
what are the advantages of wide span of control
more responsibility given to workers manager may be busy if they have too many employees to check on reduces number of managers required

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