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Chemistry > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

electrostatic attraction between a pair of shared electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

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2
Q

What is valency?

A

The amount of electrons shared

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3
Q

What is coordinate/dative bonding?

A

When both of the shared electrons come from the same atom

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4
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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5
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

A cation

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6
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

An anion

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7
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

electrostatic forces between positive ions and delocalised electrons

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8
Q

What are the properties of metal?

A

-Good electrical and thermal conductor
-Malleable
-Ductile

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9
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an atom (in a covalent bond) to attract the electron pair to itself

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10
Q

What is the most electronegative atom?

A

Fluorine

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11
Q

What is a dipole?

A

Two equal but opposite charges separated by a distance

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12
Q

What electronegativity is ionic?

A

> 2.1

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13
Q

What is bond polarity?

A

The extent to which the bonding pair is drawn towards the more electronegative atom

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14
Q

What does it mean if a molecule is symmetric?

A

It’s non polar

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15
Q

What are the two types of intermolecular forces?

A

-Permanent dipole-Permanent dipole (VDW)
-Hydrogen bonds
-Induced dipole-induced dipole

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16
Q

How strong are the intermolecular forces comparatively?

A

Covalent>Hydrogen>Permanent>temporary

17
Q

How are a molecule’s properties influenced?

A

-Intramolecular=chemical
-Intermolecular=physical

18
Q

Explain the solubility of covalent compounds

A

Many compounds are insoluble in water except if there is a dipole which can interact with polar water molecules

19
Q

Explain the solubility of ionic compounds

A

Each cation attracts Hydrogen
Each anion attracts oxygen

20
Q

What is the valence shell?

A

The outer shell of electrons

21
Q

What is the order of repulsion?

A

LP-LP>LP-BP>BP-BP

22
Q

What is the shape of a compound with two bonding pairs?

A

Shape-Linear
Bond angle-180

23
Q

What is the shape o a compound with three bonding pairs?

A

Shape-Triganal planar
Bond angle- 120

24
Q

What is the shape of a compound with four bonding pairs?

A

Shape-Tetrahedral
Bond angle-109.5

25
Q

What is the shape of a compound with five bonding pairs?

A

Shape-Trigonal bipyramidal
Bond angles- 90 and 120

26
Q

What is the shape of a compound with six bonding pairs?

A

Shape- octohedral
Bond angle- 90

Chemistry (10 decks)

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