1.4 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Carbohydates
- Large, simple biomolecule
- Fruits, grains, vegetables
- Composed of CHO
Preforms Complex Functions
-Provides structural support
- cell-to-cell communication
-Basis of forming other complex molecules (Amino Acids)
Monosaccharides
- Simplest carb
- single sugar molecule
- commonly in 3 carbon, 5carbon, or 6 carbon molecules
- Can occur linear
- Can form rings in water
- Polar functional groups = hydrophillic
- Sweetest (more soluble = more sweetness)
ex: Ribose, Fructose, glyceraldehyde
Isomers
Same compositions, but diff arrangements of atoms
Diff arrangements = diff functions
Alpha vs Beta glucose. (change in OH)
a-Glucose (OH on bottom): Starch, digestible
b-glucose (OH on top): Celluose, indigestible
Disaccaride
- Made of 2 monosaccarides
- Forms glycosidic bond via dehydration synthesis
- Water soluble
Ex. Lactose, multose, sucrose
Polysaccharide
- More than 2 mono. linked
- Monomer (single subunit) —> Polymer
- Process is called polermerization
- Hydrophilic but harder to dissolve
Ex. Starch, Celluose, glycogen, chitin
Lipids
3 points
- Non-polar
- Mostly made of CH = hydrophobic
Function:
- Cell membrane
- Energy source
-Hormones
-Insulation
-Cushioning
5 Cateoiries of Fats:
- Fatty Acids
2 points
- structural backbone of most lipids
- Carboxyl group + Hydrocarbon
(have acidic properties)
- Fats (triglyeride)
3 points
- 3 fatty acid tails attached to glycerol moelcule
- Linked via dehydration synth.
- Yeild 2x more energy than carbs
Saturated Fats
3 points
- Single bond, linear chain
- solid at room temp.
- Bad for health
Unsaterated fats
3 points
- Double bond in chain
- Causes a kink in shape
- Liquid at room temp
- Generally good for health
- Phospholipids’
4 points
Hydrophillic head, hydrophobic tail
- 2 fatty acid tail to glycerol + phosphate head
both hydrophillic and hydrophobic parts = amphipathic
- Forms phospholipid byliar
- Steroids
2 points
4 carbon rings
difference in other steroids are determined by the diff side groups attached
- Waxes
- Points
- long fatty avoid chain to alcohol and carbon rings
- Cutin on leaf for water conversation and protection
