2.4

Question 1

Importance of Transport

Answer 1

Waste removal, nutrients to enter

Some materials can enter passively, while others require energy to be transported actively

Size and charge determine the ease of a molecule/ion can pass through

Question 2

Passive transport

Answer 2

• Movement of substances without the use of energy
• Diffusion drives passive transport
• Molecules move from high to low concentration

Dynamic Equalibrim:
- equal concentration on both sides

Question 3

1. Simple Diffusion

Answer 3

• movement of small/non-polar molecules
• Hydrophobic molecules, uncharged polar molecules, and ions can pass through

Question 4

2. Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

• Use of proteins to pass through
• Use of intergral proteins

Channel proteins:
- Forms hydrophonic pathways through membrane
- Trnasports cetain ions (Na, K, Cl)
- Involved in nerve signal and muscle contractions

Carrier Proteins:
- Physically binds to carrier protein to pass through
-Binds to specific substances
- Changes shape of substance to transport

Question 5

3. Osmosis

Answer 5

• Passive transport through a membrane
• Water moves form low to high solute concentration

Determined by shape:
1. Hypotonic
2.Hypertonic
3.Isotonic

Question 6

Solute Concentrations

Answer 6

• Hypotonic Solution
• low concentration of solutes outside cell =
  water rushes into cell
• Isotonic Solution
• equal concentration of solutes inside and
  outside of cell = no net movement of water
• Hypertonic Solution
• high concentration of solutes outside cell =
  water rushes out of cell

**Plants are supposed to be hypotonic (turgid)

Question 7

Active transport

Answer 7

• Uses energy
• Moves against concentration gradient
• Uses an ATP pump

Question 8

1. Primary active transport

Answer 8

• Moves ONLY positively charged ions
• Helps establish electrochemical gradient
• Important for nerve functioning

Question 9

2. Secondary active transport

Answer 9

• Uses energy built up from primary active transport

1. Symport:

• Transported substance move in the same direction

2. Antiport
   - Transported substances move in opposite directions

Question 10

3. Exocytosis

Answer 10

• Transport of large substances form inside—> inside of cell
• Uses vesicals
• Reqiures ATP

Question 11

4. Endocytosis

Answer 11

• Transport of substances from outside —> inside of cell

1. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
   
   • have molecules attached to receptor Protiens in order to pass through cell
3. Phagocytosis (cell eating)

• Dead cell, bacteria, foreign material