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AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 1.4 Evil and Suffering > Flashcards

1.4 Evil and Suffering Flashcards

1
Q

Define moral evil

A

evil committed by humans

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2
Q

Define natural evil

A

evil and suffering in the natural world

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3
Q

Define the problem of evil

A

How can the god of classical theism exist alongside evil and suffering

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4
Q

What is the logical problem of evil

A

An all loving and all powerful god cannot exist alongside evil

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5
Q

What is the evidential problem of evil?

A

An omniscient god knows about evil and suffering and would stop it

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6
Q

One example of natural evil in the bible

A

the Palgues in Exodus, noah’s ark

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7
Q

Finish the quote by Rabi Greenberg “No statement should be made that would not …

A

“be credible in the presence of burning children£

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8
Q

Finish the quote by Mackie: “a wholly good being …

A

“elimates evil as far as it can”

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9
Q

Finish Roth’s quote: “Good though he may be….

A

“Griffin’s god is too small”

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10
Q

Who would argue that God is not omnipotent?

A

Process theologians

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11
Q

Who would argue that God is not omnibenevolent?

A

Militant atheists such as Dawkins

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12
Q

Who would argue that evil does not exist?

A

Augustine of Hippo - privatio boni

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13
Q

What is privatio boni?

A

The absence of good

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14
Q

What are the 2 parts to the problem of evil?

A
  • evil is overwhelming in quality and quantity
  • pointless suffering
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15
Q

What quality of God does the evidential problem of evil challenge?

A

God’s omniscience

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16
Q

What is the greater good argument?

A

certain evil and suffering is necessary if it serves a greater purpose

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17
Q

What is the permian triassic extinction?

A

A mass extinction event where over 81% of marine life became extinct

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18
Q

What part of the evidential problem of evil does the permian triassic extinction support?

A

Evil is overwhelming in quantity and quality

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19
Q

Who wrote the brothers karamazov?

A

Dostoyevsky

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20
Q

What part of the evidential problem of evil does the brothers karamazov support?

A

evil is overwhelming in quantity and quality

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21
Q

What examples of evil are found in the Brothers karamazov?

A

Horse beaten to death by master
Unspeakable cruelties to children

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22
Q

Finish Ivan’s statement “Heaven is too high a price to pay …

A

“I would hasten to give my ticket back”

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23
Q

What is Rowe’s example of evil

A

A fawn trapped in a forest fire due to a lightning strike

A young girl abused and killed

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24
Q

What part of the evidential problem of evil does Rowe support support?

A

Pointless suffering

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25
Q

What is the free will defence?

A

God has given up control of humans in order to bring about a greater good

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26
Q

Why is free will necessary according to the free will defence?

A

Genuine free will requires the ability and opportunity to do good and evil

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27
Q

Who are the supporting scholars for the free will defence?

A
  • Augustine
  • Mackie
  • Plantinga
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28
Q

How does the free will defence resolve the problem of evil?

A

Shows God is not responsible for evil and evil is necessary

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29
Q

What is a criticism of the free will defence?

A

God could have created a world with only good and neutral actions

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30
Q

What is Augustine’s idea on free will?

A

Evil does not come from God and humans have free will

31
Q

What are first order goods and evils according to Mackie?

A

The experiences of events in life of happiness/pleasure or pain/suffering

32
Q

What are the second order goods and evils according to Mackie?

A

our responses to events/experiences of happiness or pain

33
Q

What is the third order good according to Mackie?

A

Humans having the ability to choose between good and evil

34
Q

What is the fourth order good according to Mackie?

A

God creating humans with free will

35
Q

Why is God justified in allowing evil in the universe

A

Because it permits the freedom to choose or rejecct the good

36
Q

Why does Mackie go on to reject the free will defence?

A

God could have created humans with the ability to only choose good and neutral actions

37
Q

What is Plantinga’s key belief on free will?

A

It is logically impossible to make people so that they only choose good actions

38
Q

How does Swinburne support the free will defence?

A

He argues “God would be like an overprotective parent who will not let his child out of sight for a moment”

39
Q

Define epistemic distance

A

Knowledge gap between humans and God

40
Q

Define theodicy

A

Justification of God

41
Q

Define coutnerfactual hypothesis

A

A world without pain and suffering would be useless

42
Q

According to Augustine, why does evil exist?

A

Due to the actions of adam and eve

43
Q

According to Augustine, why is this world a place of soul deciding?

A

Because the fate of humans will be decided based on their actions

44
Q

What is Hick’s view on soul deciding

A

He views it as ‘utterly unacceptable’

45
Q

Who’s theodicy did Hick base his on?

A

St Irenaeus

46
Q

What is Hick’s theodicy

A

Soul making theodciy

47
Q

How were humans made according to Hick?

A

Imperfect

48
Q

Why is the world a ‘vale of soul making’ according to Hick?

A

Humans develop their character until it achieves the likeness of Christ

49
Q

What is universal salvation?

A

everyone will eventually get to heaven and be saved

50
Q

Why does Hick reject the concept of hell?

A

An all loving God would not subject his creation to hell

51
Q

How would Hick respond to this criticism: SMT does not address animal suffering

A

Animals have to suffer to help humans develop

52
Q

How would Hick respond to this criticism: epistemic distance does not resolve pointless evil

A

God’s plan has to remain a mystery

53
Q

How would Hick respond to this criticism: SMT does not justify the worst evils

A

If the worst evil was removed then something else would take its place

54
Q

What are the origins of process theodicy?

A

Quantum mechanics which reveal a world in a constant dynamic of flux and change

55
Q

Who founded Process Theodicy?

A

Whitehead

56
Q

What quality of God do process theologians deny?

A

Omnipotence

57
Q

What evidence do process theologians use to support God is not omnipotent

A

Genesis - creation story

58
Q

What do process theologians reject from Genesis

A

‘creatio ex nihilo’

59
Q

What alternative translation do proccess theologians provide of Genesis?

A

The earth being without for and void

59
Q

What is the traditional translation of the creation story

A

The earth was without form and void

60
Q

What was God’s role in the creation of the universe?

A

God did not create it, he simply persuaded matter to come into order

61
Q

Define transcendent

A

God as above and beyond space and time

62
Q

Define pantheism

A

God is the soul of the universe

63
Q

Define immutable

A

God cannot be changed or change

64
Q

Define impassable

A

God does not experience pain or suffering

65
Q

Finish the verse from Genesis 6:6 “The Lord regretted …

A

“that he had made human beings on the earth”

66
Q

What does genesis 6:6 suggest about God

A

God can regret and change

67
Q

Where did evil come from according to process theodicy?

A

as the world became more complex it deviated more from Gods will

68
Q

Finish the quote by Griffin “Should God for the sake of avoiding the possibilities of persons such as Hitler …

A

have precluded the possibility of Jesus”

69
Q

Finish the quote by Whitehead: “God is the …

A

“fellow sufferer who understands”

70
Q

Finish the quote by Hartshorne “God rejoices in all our joys …

A

“and sorrows in all our sorrows”

71
Q

How does process theodicy explain natural evil?

A

Natural evils are low grade entities which are difficult for God to affect

72
Q

Strength of process theodicy

A

Solves the problem of evil as it show how God and evil can both exist

73
Q

Weakness of process theodicy

A

Rejected by traditional Christians as it denies Gods qualities

AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES (30 decks)

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