14 Menopause

Question 1

Menopause: cessation of menses and loss of ___ function

Answer 1

Ovarian

Question 2

Mean age of menopause

Answer 2

50

Question 3

Menopause after __ regarded as late menopause

Answer 3

55

Question 4

Cessation of period before __ regarded as premature menopause

Answer 4

40

Question 5

3 stage of menopause

Answer 5

Perimenopause: 5-10 years before menopause, from first sign to complete cessation of menses

Menopause : permanent physiologic cessation of menses

Postmenopause: from the 1 year after menses cease

Question 6

Physiological changes of menopause: short-term

Answer 6

Vasomotor: hot flush, night sweat, palpitations
Psychological symptoms: insomnia, memory loss, mood swings, loss of libido, difficult in concentration and irritability

Question 7

Physiological changes of menopause:
Medium term

Answer 7

Vaginal atrophy: dryness, irritation, discharge and post coital bleeding

Urinary tract atrophy: frequency, dysuria, urgency, uterine prolapse

Skin hair nail changes

Question 8

Physiological changes of menopause:
Long term

Answer 8

Osteoporosis
CVD

Question 9

HRT

Answer 9

Hormonal replacement therapy

Question 10

Contraindication to HRT

Answer 10

Hx of breast, uterine cancer
Impaired liver function
Uncontrolled hypertension
Thromboembolic disease

Question 11

Regular exercise

Answer 11

30 minutes, 3/weeks