6.3 Osteoarthritis

Question 1

OA
Affected part
Common sites

Answer 1

Osteoarthritis
Articulated cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium
Commonly affect hands, hips, knee

Question 2

Type of OA

Answer 2

Primary: no prior related traumas or disease

Secondary: result from previous joint injury or inflammatory disease

Question 3

Risk factor of OA

Answer 3

• Age
• Female
• obesity (add more stress to weight-bearing joints + fat tissue producing protein that cause inflammatory response)
• joint overuse

Question 4

Pathophysiology of OA

Answer 4

Aging
—> water and proteoglycan reduce
—> enzymes break articular matrix
—>production of synovial fluid reduce
—> erode cartilage and bone
—> joint space narrow + osteophytes (bone spurs) form

Question 5

osteophytes

Answer 5

Bone spur

Question 6

Clinical manifestations of OA

Answer 6

Pain, stiffness, swelling, tenderness, grating sensation

Question 7

Arthrocentesis

Answer 7

關節穿刺術
analyzing synovial fluid

Question 8

OA management

Answer 8

Education
Increase physical activity (strengthen muscle and improve general mobility)
Reduce weight
Supportive device

Question 9

How to increase physical mobility related to altered joint function and pain

Answer 9

Encourage active ROM exercise
Proper body alignment, good posture
Pain relief measure
Avoid stressing joints
Refer to physiotherapist and occupational therapist

Question 10

Management of pad on acute vs chronic phase

Answer 10

Acute: cold pad to reduce swelling
Chronic: warm pad to promote circulation