Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

Joints, Muscle Movement, Rickets, Arthritis

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1
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

The combination of the muscular system and the skeletal system, which provides our bodies with strength, shape/structure and movement

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2
Q

Bones

A

Tissue which provides strength, shape, support and protection for internal organs

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3
Q

Tendons

A

A tissue which connects bone to muscle (made of collagen)

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4
Q

Ligaments

A

A tissue which connects bone to bone (made of collagen)

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5
Q

Cartilage

A

A strong tissue which protects bones by cushioning, absorbing shock and reducing friction

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6
Q

Spinal cord Bone

A
  • Supports the head and body
  • Allows movement of the head & body
  • Protects the spinal cord
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7
Q

Vertebre

A

Circular bones which protect the spinal column and allow some movement

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8
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

A disc of cartilage found in-between the vertebrae to cushion the vertebrae, reduce friction and absorb shock

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9
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Joints which don’t provide any movement (mainly protection/ structure) e.g. skull

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10
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Joints that are entirely joined by cartilage, provide some movement (e.g. spinal column)

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11
Q

Synovial Joints

A

A joint which allows full movement (e.g. shoulder)

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12
Q

Pivot joint

A

One bone swivels in the ring of another bone, allowing limited movement, e.g. first and second vertebrae in the neck

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13
Q

Hinge joint

A

Bones are connected together like hinges on a door, allowing open and closing in one direction only e.g. knee and elbow

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14
Q

Ball & Socket Joint

A

The rounded head of one bone sits in the cup of another bone, allows movement in almost every direction e.g. shoulder and hip

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15
Q

Condyloid Joint

A

One bones oval, flat surface sits in the complimentary shape of another bone, allows full angular motion
e.g. knuckles and wrist

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16
Q

Plane Joint

A

A bone attaches to a nearly flat surface pf another bone, only allows giving motion
e.g. foot

17
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Two bones shaped like a saddle with concave and convex areas, allows more movement then saddle
e.g. thumb

18
Q

Pivot Joint

A

One bone swivels in the ring of another, allows limited movement
e.g. first and second vertebrae in the neck

19
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Acts as a lubricant and stops friction wearing away bones, found in the joint cavity (between two bones)

20
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Encases and produces the synovial fluid, found at the intersection of both bones

21
Q

Rickets

A

A bone (non communicable) disease found in Children and Infants which has a negative effect on bone and growth

22
Q

Symptoms of Rickets

A

Pain
Skeletal deformities
Dental problems
Poor growth
Fragile bones

23
Q

Causes of Rickets

A

Vitamin D and Calcium deficiency

24
Q

Treating Rickets

A

Increasing a Childs intake of Vitamin D and Calcium

25
Q

Arthritis

A

A common condition found in the elderly population causing pain and inflammation in joints

26
Q

Symptoms of Arthritis

A

Joint pain and stiffness
Inflammation around joints
Warm red skin around the joint
Restricted movement
Weakness

27
Q

Causes of Arthritis

A

Genetics
High impact/tension sports
Fault in the immune system
Wear and tear of joints

28
Q

Treating arthritis

A

Massaging
Medications
More gentle exercise (swimming, cycling)
Heating or cooling joints (water bath)

NO CURE

29
Q

Muscle pairs

A

Muscles work in pairs (generally) when one muscle is contracted/ shortened the other will relax/longer

30
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle (in the pair) which contracts/ gets smaller

31
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle (in the pair) which relaxes/ gets bigger

32
Q

Types or arthritis

A

Rheumatoid- nervous system attacks it self
Osteoarthritis- wear and tear from high impact sports/ repeated injury