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Pharmacology I > Test 3 - ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS (ANTI-CANCER) CCNS, MISC & HORMONE ECT. > Flashcards

Test 3 - ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS (ANTI-CANCER) CCNS, MISC & HORMONE ECT. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 GROUPS OF ANTINEOPLASTICS:

A
  • CELL CYCLE-NONSPECIFIC (CCNS)
  • CELL CYCLE-SPECIFIC (CCS)
  • MISC ANTINEOPLASTICS
  • HORMONAL ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
  • RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
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2
Q

Occurs during any phase of the cell cycle

A

•Cytotoxic DRUGS

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3
Q

CELL CYCLE-NONSPECIFIC (CCNS)

A

Which class of drugs are effective at any stage in the growth cycle of cancer cells

More effective against large, slowly growing tumors

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4
Q

Which class of drugs prevent cancer cells from reproducing with the process of alkylation?

A

ALKYLATING DRUGS

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5
Q

What are the most common alkylating drugs?

A 
o Classic alkylators (nitrogen mustards)
	cyclophosphamide (Procytox)
	mechlorethamine (Mustargen)
o Nitrosoureas
	carmustine
	lomustine
	streptozocin
o Probable alkylators
	Cisplatin
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6
Q

***Do not administer ______________ with _________ as it increases risk of_______________

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES, with CISPLATIN as it increases the risk of NEPHROTOXICITY*

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7
Q

**What are the serious adverse effects of ALKYLATING drugs? **

A
  • Nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity (Hydration can prevent nephrotoxicity)
  • Extravasation causes tissue damage and necrosis
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8
Q

Important nursing considerations for ALKYLATING DRUGS! (6)

A

•Monitor for expected effects of bone marrow suppression
•Expect nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis (mouth ulcers – very painful)
Stomatitis: avoid high fiber, spicy, citric acid foods or foods of extreme temperature to decrease discomfort. Use soft bristle toothbrushes, etc… ****
**Hydration is important to prevent nephrotoxicity***
•Report ANY ringing/roaring in the ears—possible ototoxicity
•Peripheral neuropathies may occur—report tingling, numbness, pain in extremities

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9
Q

Which type of tumor is CISPLATIN used for?

A

solid tumors

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10
Q

Which is the only Cytotoxic drug that does not supress bone marrow?

A

BLEOMYCIN

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11
Q

•Used to treat cancer – too toxic to treat infections

A

CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS

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12
Q

What are the COMMONLY USED DRUG FOR CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS

o Anthracycline antibiotics (2)
o Anthracenedione antibiotics (1)
o Other cytotoxic antibiotics (1)

A

o Anthracycline antibiotics
Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin

o Anthracenedione antibiotics
Mitoxantrone

o Other cytotoxic antibiotics
Bleomycin

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13
Q

Cytotoxic antibiotic drugs can supress ?

A

bone marrow

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14
Q

**What are the serious ADVERSE EFFECTS of “Other cytotoxic antibiotics” - BLEOMYCIN? ***

ON TEST

A

Can produce pulmonary toxicity or fibrosis

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15
Q

True or False

Cytotoxic drugs are active in all phases of the cell cycle?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What are the two classes of HORMONAL ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS

A

FEMALE SPECIFIC NEOPLASMS

MALE SPECIFIC NEOPLAMS

THESE CANCERS ARE CAUSED BY HORMONES

17
Q

What is an indication for CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS

A

Used to treat AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma

18
Q

What are the serious ADVERSE EFFECTS of Anthracycline antibiotics - (Daunorubicin)?

A

•Can produce heart failure

19
Q

What are the serious ADVERSE EFFECTS of Anthracycline antibiotics - (Doxorubicin)

A

cardio myopathy

20
Q

CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS – NURSING IMPLICATIONS:

A
  • Expect bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis
  • Monitor pulmonary status
  • Monitor for nephrotoxicity, liver toxicity
  • Monitor cardiovascular status
21
Q

CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS – NURSING IMPLICATIONS:

Daunorubicin may turn the urine a ______ _____!

A

reddish color

22
Q

CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS – NURSING IMPLICATIONS for STOMATITIS

A

avoid high fiber, spicy, citric acid foods or foods of extreme temperature to decrease discomfort. Use soft bristle toothbrushes, etc…

23
Q

What should be monitored during treatment of cancer drugs?

A

IV SITE FOR EXTRAVASATION

REST & ELEVATE AFFECTED LIMB

24
Q

List the steps if extravasation occurs:

A 
o STOP INFUSION. CALL DR. 
o LEAVE CATHETER IN PLACE
o ATTEMPT TO ASPIRATE ANY RESIDUAL DRUG AND BLOOD FROM CATHETER
o ADMINISTER ANDIDOTE AS PER PHARMACIST.
o USE HOT/COLD PACKS AS INDICATED
25
Q

What is the best approach for extravasation & continuous monitoring of IV site is essential?

A

PREVENTION

26
Q

Assess ___________ _________ ________before giving ANY antineoplastic drugs (drugs cause bone marrow suppression)

A

baseline blood counts

Norm WBCs=5000-15000

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

If allergic to medication the client should still take the medication. Unless anaphylactic.

A

TRUE

28
Q

If allergic monitor closely for?

A

anaphylactic reactions

29
Q

What should be kept close in case of allergic reaction?

A

epinephrine, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory drugs on hand

30
Q

Monitor closely for complications associated with bone marrow suppression

A

o Anemia
o Thrombocytopenia
o Neutropenia

31
Q

What are some oncological emergencies that should be monitored?

A 
o Infections
o Pulmonary toxicity
o Allergic reactions
o Stomatitis with severe ulcerations
o Bleeding
o Metabolic aberrations
o Bowel irritability with diarrhea
o Renal, liver, cardiac toxicity
32
Q

What drugs may be used to reduce toxicities?

A

•Cytoprotective

33
Q

Cytoprotective drugs may be used Intravenous (IV) amifostine (Ethyol) for ?

A

reduce renal toxicity associated with CISPLATIN

34
Q

Cytoprotective drugs may be used IV or oral allopurinol (Alloprim) to _______ ________?

A

to reduce hyperuricemia

35
Q

CAREFUL WHEN ADMINISTERING ___________MEDICATIONS. DO NOT MIX THEM UP AS THEY HAVE DIFFERENT SIDE EFFECTS & INDICATIONS

A

‘RUBICIN’

Pharmacology I (13 decks)

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