Test 3 - ANTIBIOTICS & ANTIVIRAL: DEFINITIONS

Question 1

Treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been reported or obtained

Answer 1

Empirical therapy

Question 2

Treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intra-abdominal surgery or after trauma

Answer 2

Prophylactic therapy

Question 3

Decrease in specific signs and symptoms of infection are noted (fever, elevated white blood cell count, redness, inflammation, drainage, pain)

Answer 3

Therapeutic response

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of infection do not improve

Answer 4

Subtherapeutic response

Question 5

INFECTION YOU GET WHEN YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM IS WEAKENED BY ANTIBIOTICS

Answer 5

Superinfection* (in L.A.)

Question 6

DOESN’T WORK BECAUSE BACTERIA DEVELOP RESISTANCE

Answer 6

Antibiotic resistance

Question 7

one that kills bacteria

Answer 7

Bactericidal antibiotic

Question 8

one that inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death

Answer 8

Bacteriostatic antibiotic

Question 9

@ WHAT POINT YOU KILL IT

Answer 9

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 10

Temporary or permanent hearing loss, balance problems

Answer 10

Ototoxicity

Question 11

Varying degrees of reduced renal function

Answer 11

Nephrotoxicity

Question 12

What may indicate reduced creatinine clearance (BUN & CREATININE GOES UP WHEN YOU HAVE KIDNEY PROBLEM)?

Answer 12

Rising serum creatinine

Question 13

difficult to kill because they live inside the cells

Answer 13

Viruses

Question 14

Any drug that kills a ______ may also kill ______

Answer 14

VIRUS, CELLS

Question 15

Viruses have four routes for entering the body, LIST THEM

Answer 15

o Inhalation through the respiratory tract
o Ingestion via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
o Transplacentally from the mother to infant
o Inoculation via skin or mucous membranes

Question 16

_______________________patients have frequent viral infections & NEED TREATMENT

Answer 16

Immunocompromised

Question 17

LIST 3 SEVERLY Immunocompromised patients THAT have frequent viral infections & NEED TREATMENT

Answer 17

o Cancer patients, especially those with leukemia or lymphoma
o Transplant patients, due to pharmacological therapy
o Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients because the disease attacks their immune system

Question 18

o Are infections that would not normally harm an immunocompetent person

Answer 18

• Opportunistic infections

Question 19

o Occur in immunocompromised patients

Answer 19

• Opportunistic infections

Question 20

o Require long-term prophylaxis and anti-infective drug therapy

Answer 20

• Opportunistic infections

Question 21

o Used to treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV

Answer 21

• Antiviral drugs

Question 22

o Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS

Answer 22

• Antiretroviral drugs