counseling families, diagnosis, neurocounseling, advanced concepts Flashcards

1
Q

DSM

A

initially released in 1952, 100 diagnostic categories, 3rd edition 1980 psychodynamic->medical model, multi axial system; 4th in 2004 with 297 disorders; 5th in 2013 with 20 chps with grouping matching structure of ICD,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DSM 5

A

non axial, doesnt separate diagnosis of substance abuse and dependence.”retardation” is no longer used, ASD now encompasses other disorders like aspergers, easier to be diagnosed with ADHD, dysthymia is new dx, PMDD is new, greivment is no longer excluded from depressive disorder, no longer use term “gender id disorder”, gender dysphoria is new diagnostic categoy. Paraphilia is not a disorder and is not treated vs paraphilic where there is distress and others are harmed; 5 has more ratings or specifiers than previous editions (some exams use dimensionality to express severity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

allen francis

A

md chaired DSM taskforce and wrote final edition for 3rd edition and thought 5th was risky for patients and sad for psychiatry (thought many “normal” people would be labeled as having disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

billing to insurance

A

only ICD 10 codes are used to bill (HIPAA requirement) not DSM code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dr bonnie badenoch

A

helped convinced field of counseling that a neuroscientific mindset in counseling would be beneficial, ideally using fMRI scans to measure blood flow to brain to engage activity in different brain sites (also done by PET scans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neuroplasticity

A

concept that the brain can change and new neural connections can be made at any point in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neurogenesis

A

new neurons can be formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mirror neuron concept

A

indicates that a neuron or neurons fire if you perform a behavior; same neurons fire if you witness the behavior in someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IPNB

A

interpersonal neurobiology. I.e. if a bear chases us we feel fear, if we witness a bear chasing someone else we feel fear, it is involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CET

A

cognitive enhancement therapy; evidence based neurocounseling modality used with people with schizophrenia. Used neurocog video games and coaching to improve functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

criticisms for neurocounseling

A

scanning can be unsafe, too much significance to blod flow in brain, not humanistic enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

confidentiality with families

A

you do not disclose info about one member to another unless with permission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AAMFT

A

american assoc. For marriage and family therapy. See marriage and fam therapy as seperate profession in and of itelf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IAMFC

A

international assoc. Of marriage and fam counselors; div of ACA, believe marriage and fam counseling is specialty mastered by someone with speicalized training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

linear causality

A

assume that a causes b; generally accepted and valid concept in ind counseling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

circular causality

A

more accepted by marriage and fam therapistsl related to cybernetics which gregory bateson became interested in. everyone influences everyone else so prob resides in family rather than ind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cybernetics

A

analysis of informational interactions. How flow of info regulates and controls a system. Concept used by fam therapists, usually assoc with work of weiner. Family has feedback loops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

norbert weiner

A

1940s mathemetician pioneered cybernetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

homeostasis

A

can be good or bad but is a maintained balanced state. A family will attempt to hold onto given pattern of functioning that could be disfunctional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adaptability

A

fams ability to change or display flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

enmeshment

A

family members are over involved with each other and lose autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

non sumativity

A

suggest that any system in the family is greater than the sum of parts. Better to examine patterns rather than ind. Behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

morphostasis

A

familys ability to balance stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

morphogenesis

A

familys ability to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

aspirational ethics

A

non mandatory ethics, describe ideal or optimal practice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mandatory ethics

A

standards of practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

experiential conjoint therapy

A

closely related to virginia satir. conjoint = two or more family members are in therapy at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

virginia satir

A

SW saw families in 1951, family could be healed via love, improve intrafamily communication, leading figure in experiential therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

satirs stress positions

A

placating, blaming, being overly reasonable, being irrelevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

placating

A

trying to please everyone out of fear of rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

blamer

A

basically asserts that “it is your fault i am the way i am”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

persno who becomes overly reasonable

A

likely to engage in the defense mechanism of intelectualization; functions like a computer to keep emotions in check, aka responsible analyzer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

being irrelevant

A

distracts family from problem via constantly talking about irrelevant topics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

excitation

A

expressing true emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

salvador minuchin

A

father of structural family therapy. Family therapy is science that required therapeutic interventions beyond warmth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

carl whitaker

A

dean of experiential family therapy. Liked to say that experience not education changes families, so best way to access unconscious is symbolically. Approach aka experiential symbolic family therapy. Liked to “join” with family and experience their dynamics, believed a co-therapist to be helpful. Assoc with. Psychotherapy of the absurd (actual tug of war when in power struggle). Promoted craziness and creativity of family members. Described as atheoretical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

luwig von bertalanffy

A

biologist who popularized notion of connectedness of all living things and systems theory model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

murray bowen

A

based family therapy on systems theory. triangulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

david premack

A

work suggests that a family member must complete unpleasant task before they can engage in a pleasant task. Unpleasant task=low probability behavior (LPB); pleasant task=high probability behavior (HPB)==premacks principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

quid pro quo

A

one thing for another, makes use of behvaioral contingency contract based on the notion that one member will do something if another does something comparable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

time out

A

when a fam member is isolated so they do not receive reinforcement for dysfunctional behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

reciprocity in marriage

A

in most cases, 2 ppl will reinforce each other about the same level over time and when this doesnt happen, marriage discord will result.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

behavioral family therapy

A

1960s, focused on children in fam with problems,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

gerald patterson

A

popularized parent training in home, pioneer of behavioral family therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

psychologist robert liberman and richard stuart

A

pioneer o behavioral family therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

family sculpting

A

virginia satir, experiential/expressive technique in which one member places other members in physical position that represents their relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

remarriage

A

4/10 new marriages, about 30% of divorced persons are remarried within 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

nathan ackerman

A

pioneer of psychodynamic family counseling. Was initially child psychiatrist who in 1938 recommended studying family. Before ackerman, it was innapropriate to include fam members in treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

object term psychodynamic family therapy

A

sig other with whom which a child wishes to bond. An ind. Attempts to establish a relationship with object to satisfy needs. When this doesnt happen, anxiety is manifested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

introjects term psychodynamic family therapy

A

client unconsiously internalized the pos and neg characteristics of the objects within themselves. Determines how individual will relate to others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

second order change

A

more desirable than first-order change. Structural change to family taht alters undesirable behavioral patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

first order change

A

superficial changes i.e. behavioral changes without structural changes. Ameliorates symptoms temporarily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

greek chorus

A

a consultant or supervisory team that observes session from one-way mirror and sends messages to therapist or family. Strategic therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

james framo

A

Famous psychoanalytic family therapist. Believes important objects fuel love/hate feelings in kids. More pathological early life is, the more the adult will fit relationships to love-hate scenario from childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

robin skynner

A

Famous psychoanalytic family therapist. Kids with poor role models possess protective systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

jay hayley

A

Impacted by Erickson. Coined term strategic therapy. Believed in designing a strategy for each specific problem. Worked with Minuchin to train ppl. Believes in giving clients directives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

strategic therapy

A

Chloe Madanes & Jay Haley. solution/sympotm focused and very action oriented. Madanes believed symptoms served function and advocated techniques using pretend techniques that are somewhat paradoxical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

directive/perscribing

A

strategic term. When therapist tells a client or family what to do. When a person follows a directive, symptoms are under control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

double bind (strategic therapy)

A

A no-win situation characterized by contradictory messages. Constitutes a paradox. A therapeutic technique.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

paradox

A

strategic term. direct antithesis of common sense. Helper prescribed what the client would probably do anyway and cna even tell them to exaggerate it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

relabeling

A

relabeling/redefining/Reframing: strategic term. occurs when you redefine a situation in a positive context making the beheavior seem acceptable or positive to the client. Looking to evoke a diff emotional response. used by Hayley and followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

person with power in strategic therapy

A

one who makes decisions. Hayley believes you can enhance the power of someone in family by speaking to them first in the context of therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

incongruous hierarchy

A

madanes/strategic term. When a member is in control who should not be (a child daughter in control of mother).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

restraining

A

strategic term. a therapist may warn the ind or family about negative consequences of change. Helps overcome resistance by suggesting that it may be best if the family doesn’t change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

positioning

A

strategic term. a helper accepts the clients predicament and then exaggerates the condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

behavioral dispute

A

REBT term. Client tries to behave in a way that is marketly diff from his/her normal undesirable path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

cultural encapsulation

A

term suggested by Wrenn. Results in a counselor imposing goals from his her own culture onto folx from another culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

african american families

A

fewer are getting married and less likely to be concerned about gender roles. Best approach would be bowne’s family therapy, minuchins structural therapy or hayleys strategic family therapy. Problem-focused, brief or multigenerational approaches seem to fair best.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

asian american families

A

solution-focused/problem-focused modalities seem to be best approach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

latino families

A

expectations are often that therapy should mimic medical treatment. Short term behavioral or structural approaches appear to work well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

cohesion

A

level of emotional bonding between family members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

circumplex family model:

A

a key factor is that the family should have balance in cohesion as well as adaptability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

native american families

A

extended family is significant. High % of children are in foster homes, adoption homes non-native etc., theorists agree that the resulting factors are id confusion. Suicide is second leading cause of death. Alcohol is involed in 69% of suicides. Issues with suicide bereavement due ot alcohol abuse (issues with fetal alcohol syndrom etc.)

74
Q

triangulation

A

when a diad is under stress, a third person is recruited to help stabilize the dyad.

75
Q

differentiation

A

extent to which one can separate ones intellect from ones emotional self. Person w/o this does not have clear sense of self or others.

76
Q

fusion

A

the intellect and emotional aspec tof the person merge.

77
Q

genogram

A

family tree that relies on symboles. Three+ generational pictorial diagram.

78
Q

interenerational family therapy

A

concerned with emotional systems of other generations of family members even if they are not directly involved in therapy and/or alive/dead

79
Q

mri model

A

mental research institute model. Hayley’s model has also been called the MRI.

80
Q

structural family therapy

A

ind behavior can only be interpreted by analyzing family actions and change in familys patterns of communication and interactionmust occur to create a healthy family. Important technique is joining.

81
Q

joining

A

structural term. Therapist meets, greets and attempts to bond with the family. Mimics communication patterns. Reduces resistance, happens in initial sessions, boost confidence in treatment process.

82
Q

mimesis

A

helper mimics communication patters

83
Q

enactment

A

structural term. Allows counselor to see instant replay of what generally transpires in the family.

84
Q

boundaries

A

tructural term. Physical and psychological entities that separate individuals and subsystems from others in family. Clear are healthy, people are supported and nurtured and have freedom to be their own person (aka individuate). Rigid: ind or subsystems being disengaged. Diffuse: would lead to challenges with individuating and people often feel uncomfortable when they are alone.

85
Q

changing boundaries/boundary making technique

A

seating is altered and members are placed at different distance from each other. Structural technique.

86
Q

intergenerational family therapists

A

bowen and ivan boszormenyi-Nagy (discusses importance of give and take, relational ethics,

87
Q

relational ethics

A

healthy family can negotiate inbalances and preserve a sense of fairness and accountability

88
Q

family legacy

A

Ivan-expectations handed down from generation to generation

89
Q

family ledger

A

Ivan-multigenerational balance sheet or accounting system. Accounts for who gives what to whom and who owes what to whom.

90
Q

disengagement

A

isolated lack of connectedness between family members.

91
Q

perverse triangle

A

situation in which two members who are at diff levels of the hierarchy team up against another family member.

92
Q

solution oriented therapy

A

focuses on future. No emphasis on understanding problem. Therapists co-formulate plan of action with client or family. William o’hanlon, insoo kim berg, steve de shazer, michelle weiner davis.

93
Q

constructivism

A

aka social constructivism. Client constructs or invents the way he/she perceives the world. Therapy should be less hierarchical. Client and therapist are collaborating.

94
Q

post modernism

A

no fixed truths-only individuals perceptions of what is reality/truth.

95
Q

tom anderson

A

postmodernist, psychiatrist from norway. Used radical approach of one way mirror and reflecting treatment team.

96
Q

feminist therapist critique of other therapies

A

androcentric, gendercentric and emphasis on heterosexism. Aka gender-fair counseling (on exam).

97
Q

skeleton keys

A

standard or stock intervention that will work for numerous problems. Steve de shazers breif-solution focused therapy

98
Q

complement

A

breif solution focused term. therapist hands client a sheet of paper with complement on it

99
Q

past successess

A

brief therapy term. therapist complimenting past success without relating them to current obstacles

100
Q

brief solutions focused therapy

A

bfft or bt. Sometimes uses a treatment behind a one way mirror but it is not required. Often relies on a paradox.

101
Q

integrative psychotherapy

A

incorporating approaches from multiple modalities

102
Q

common factor approach

A

otion that theories of counseling are helpful because they have elements of theories that are common between them.

103
Q

breief strategic family therapy

A

ecosystems refer to the fact that larger systems often impact client and family functioning. Ecosystemic approach always takes these larger systems into account.

104
Q

pre experimental designs

A

often diagrammed. x=treatment, 0=observation, measurement or score, e=experiemntal group, c=control group, r=random sampling, nr=non-random sampling.1 group only postest design.

105
Q

time series design

A

quasi experimental design without randomly chosen control and experimental group. Relies on multiples observation of DV before and after treatment occurs.

106
Q

Waltzlawick, Weakland, and Fisch

A

brief therapy. Book “Change Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Solution”

107
Q

Solomon four group design

A

one group receives a pretest and one experimental group receives a pretest. The other control group and experimental group do not. Is true experimental design. Supposed to weed out impact of pretest.

108
Q

John gottman

A

created paradigm to predict which marriages would end in divorce. 6 predictors: harsh start up, negativity relationship, (criticism, defense, stonewalling, contempt), flooding (negativity that comes on suddenly and is overwhelming), body language changes, attempts to repair fail, lack of fond memories from early days. Didnt use true experiments to come up with theory

109
Q

Dr ellen langer

A

studied older men in environment similar to one 20 years ago and told them to act like they were 20 years younger, and biomarkers of aging went backwards. book= counter clockwise

110
Q

Propinquity

A

mere exposure effect. More you are around them, more you are attracted to them.

111
Q

TWA

A

theory of work adjustment. Dawis and Lofquist. Person must fit job and work must meet needs of person. Person environment correspondence (PEC). higher work satisfaction = greater productivity

112
Q

Social learning behavioristic (career model)

A

kurmboltz career theory built on bandura social learning theory. Learning not interests guides ppl in occupation. Career Decisions are influenced by genetic endowment, environmental conditions, instrumental learning,

113
Q

World view generalization

A

generalization regarding a given occupation and how successful the client would be in the occupation

114
Q

SCCT

A

social cognitive career theory. Self efficacy beliefs can influence ones career decisions.

115
Q

Nancy chodorow

A

psychoanalytic feminist. Domestic ideal caused oppresion in women.

116
Q

James fowler

A

faith development

117
Q

VRT

A

virtual reality therapy. Dr. barbara rothbaum, behavioristic. Stimulates real life situation. Client generally has same physiological reactions.

118
Q

Dsm 5 intellectual disability

A

70 or below IQ, ability to adapt to school/family impaired, onset prior to 18.

119
Q

Daniel goleman

A

wrote emotional intelligence: why it can matter more than iq.

120
Q

EQ

A

empathy, impulse control, motivation, ability to love(emotional intelligence)

121
Q

Meta analysis

A

use stats based on numerous studie to investigate an issue. Aka meta research.

122
Q

Karl pearson

A

assoc. With concept of correlation. Created first stats dept at university. First person to use this technique.

123
Q

Barnum effect

A

aka forer effect. Clients will accept a general psych test report, horoscope etc. and believe it applies to them.

124
Q

Tryptophan:

A

amino acid, related to serotonin. Helps with memory, anxiety, sleep, mood.

125
Q

Cued panic attacks:

A

AKA situationally-bound panic attacks. Has a cue or environmental trigger.

126
Q

Uncued panic attack

A

AKA unexpected attack. Occurs out of nowhere and there is no identifiable internal or external trigger.

127
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

Personality disorder in which ct. Attempts to avoid stress by dissociating from situation. Includes amnesia. Prev. known as multiple personality disorder (MPD).

128
Q

Religious strain

A

: i.e. difficulty forgiving God. Causes higher stress, depression, suicidal feelings.

129
Q

Bulimia

A

primarily occurs in women. Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia. 90% of individuals with Bulimia & AN are women. Low body weight is not typical characteristic of bulimia or binge eating.

130
Q

Women < men

A

lower income, not as comfortable when they are involved in competitive situations, less comfortable expressing anger and being assertive

131
Q

gay men and women

A

basically have the same range of gender-role behaviors as do male and female heterosexuals

132
Q

parametric statistics

A

used when dist’n normal and random sampling has been utilized, use interval and ratio data

133
Q

nonparametric designs

A

rely on ordinal and nominal data

134
Q

progress notes

A

equired by law. Aka clinical notes. Focus on what the client does and says.

135
Q

process notes

A

aka psychotherapy notes. Not required by law. Not generally shared with client. Kept separately from client records.

136
Q

constructivism in career counseling

A

belief that an individual’s career choice is influenced by his or her personal story & attempts to construct meaning out of the world of work

137
Q

conversion or reparative therapy

A

iterature and studies on the topic show there is no way to alter same-sex attraction. Not evidence-based. ACA prohibits.

138
Q

transformational ministries

A

name that religious organizations give their conversion services

139
Q

ethical requirements to have transfer plan if

A

counselor becomes disabled, counselor dies, counselor moves to another state

140
Q

transfer plan

A

included in informed consent document, new contact person & custodian of records should be listed w/complete contact info. Custodian of records is responsible for contacting clients on record.

141
Q

NPI

A

national provider identifier. Required to file claims. NPI is standard unique identifier as a healthcare provider.

142
Q

refraining from diagnosis

A

is ethical if it is in best interest of the client (best practice is to collab with client).

143
Q

permissive parent

A

non-punitive, rarely says no, highly affectionate, more like a friend, few demands on the child

144
Q

authoritative parent

A

champions give & take verbal exchanges with child, will produce happy child with desirable social skills

145
Q

authoritarian parent

A

doesn’t champion give & take, expects child to follow orders with no explanation

146
Q

parenting correlated with alcoholism, drug abuse and antisocial behaviors

A

permissive and authoritarian

147
Q

aba

A

applied behavior analysis aka behavior modification

148
Q

vr

A

variable ratio reinforcement

149
Q

fr

A

fixed ratio reinfrocement

150
Q

vi

A

variable intervale reinforcement

151
Q

fi

A

fixed interval reinforcement

152
Q

IS PATH WARM?

A

created by American Associatation of Suicidology (AAS).
Ideation, Substance abuse, Purposelessness, Anxiety, Trapped, Hopeless, Withdrawal, Anger, Recklessness, Mood changes

153
Q

CCPT/child centered play therapy

A

AKA nondirective play therapy. Created by Virginia May Axline. Advocates that therapist be friendly, accepting of child, nondirective.

154
Q

childrens career counseling group helps children…

A

feel belonging, share feelings & ideas, engage in desirable interaction…

155
Q

adolescent career group

A

ost effective and promote peer identification

156
Q

group career counseling

A

Main purpose is to provide info. More effective than noncounselor interventions (i.e. computer or software program). Structured groups and workshops work best. Advantages include: other clients can boost motivation, mutual helping occurs, participants can role play situations i.e. interview.r

157
Q

richard nelson bolles

A

What Color is Your Parachute author. Championed the idea of securing a network of persons who can help you with your job search.

158
Q

job club groups

A

Nathan Azrin created in the 70’s to provide support buildng skills, networking. Studies with B.F. Skinner (behaviorist).

159
Q

fetal origins hypothesis

A

Diabetes, Adult heart disease, some emotional disorders may be due to fetal malnutrition

160
Q

differential sensitivity

A

the idea that some ppl are more vulnerable than others to a particular experience due to genetic differences (includes pharmaceuticals)

161
Q

program evaluation

A

helps agencies, organizations, and centers make wider decisions.. Takes place in a natural rather than lab or controlled settling and helps programs answer questions posed by staff. Not geared towards hypotheses or theories. Answers questions including “is this program necessary”.

162
Q

cost benefit analysis

A

answers “was the money wisely spent?”

163
Q

fee splittting

A

when a ct. is referred by one provider to another in return for a portion of the fee the provider receives for treating the patient. unethical according to ACA. Making referrals based on financial outcomes is unethical.

164
Q

motivational interviewing

A

breif. Motivational interviewing created mainly by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick. Engaging (creating relationship), focusing (limiting conversation to patterns behavior client wishes to change), evoking ( stresses client should use motivation to make change), planning

165
Q

oars:

A

open questions, affirmations, reflection, summary. MI core skill.

166
Q

yalom

A

we are hardwired to have anxiety about death but terror that imobilizes is unhealthy. “Life can be richer”. Staring at the sun: overcoming the terror of death

167
Q

effect size

A

EF statistic. small=.2 or less; medium=.5 or less; large/big/strong=.8 higher. Important to know how large/strong effect is. Unlike correlation, ES is based on cohen’s d. Es helps analyze magnitude of differences when looking at correlations, tests of significance or even a meta analysis.

168
Q

major meta analysis by smith glass miller

A

in benefits of psychotherapy, 1980, often quotes, revealed psychotherapy had strong or so-called big effect checking in at .85. No key differences found between different modalities of therapy

169
Q

important effect sizes to know:

A

.31 for lexapro; .26 for prozac; .24 zoloft; .3 cimbalta

170
Q

contingent reinforcement

A

dependent on given behavior. Most of the time we do reinforce behavior it is contingent

171
Q

accident reinforcement

A

can occur regardless of behavior. Receiving reward randomly.

172
Q

dispositional/internal attributions

A

cause or outcome is generated by the person

173
Q

situational/external attribution

A

cause of attributable factors is outside of the individual

174
Q

attribution theories

A

assign cause, explanation, reason for behavior, outcome, event. Fritz heider is father of attribution theory

175
Q

attribution error

A

when a person attempts to look at anothers negative behavior, undesirable event etc. and come up with explanation. Tendency is to put more stock in dispositional attribution than situational.

176
Q

self serving bias

A

pos events occur because of something that you did/something great about you. Neg event occur because of external circumstances. Depressed cients typically do that opposite of a typical client.

177
Q

dbt

A

tarted in 1980s with bpd and suicidal clients. Type of cbt. Four modes: Skills training, phone counseling/coaching, consultation team for therapist, individual treatment. When dbt isn’t using alll four modes at once, people call it “dbt informed”.

178
Q

first wave cbt

A

ased on operant and classical conditioning (i.e. skinner and pavlov

179
Q

second wave cbt

A

interventions focus heavily on cognitions depicts by the work of ellis and beck

180
Q

third wave cbt

A

contemporary. Incorporate dbt, act, MId

181
Q

downward arrow technique

A

david burns. Recommended to figure out what client is truly upset about and make client aware of this. Proces of asking questions to get to core belief.

182
Q
A