topic 2 study guide

Question 1

the highest social class in the English colonies

Answer 1

Gentry

Question 2

in the English colonies, a class that included skilled craft workers, farmers, and some tradespeople

Answer 2

Middle Class

Question 3

a religious movement in the English colonies in the mid 1700’s

Answer 3

Great Awakening

Question 4

the movement in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s that emphasized the use of reason

Answer 4

Enlightenment

Question 5

the theory that a nation’s economic strength came from selling more than it bought from other nations

Answer 5

Mercantilism

Question 6

a trade product sent to markets outside the country

Answer 6

export

Question 7

trade products brought into a country

Answer 7

import

Question 8

a series of English laws beginning in the 1650s that regulated trade between England and its colonies

Answer 8

Navigation Acts

Question 9

in 1688, the movement that brought William and Mary to the throne of England and strengthened the rights of English citizens

Answer 9

Glorious Revolution

Question 10

a group of people that have the power to make laws

Answer 10

Legislature

Question 11

What reasons did Spain have for setting up colonies in the Americas?

Answer 11

They wanted to serve God, serve the king, and become richer.

Question 12

Why did Cortes set sail for Mexico?

Answer 12

He wanted to gain riches and glory. He also heard of a rich Indian Empire in Mexico.

Question 13

What did the Conquistadors agree to give Spain in return for establishing settlements?

Answer 13

In return, the Conquistadors agreed to give Spain one fifth of any gold or treasure they captured.

Question 14

Describe the different social classes in the Spanish colonies.

Answer 14

-peninsulares
-creoles
-mestizos
-Indians

Question 15

Why were the Spanish able to defeat the Inca?

Answer 15

The Spanish had horses and better equipment and the Inca thought they were gods so they were scared. They were also worn down from other battles and disease.

Question 16

Some scholars estimate that Europeans transported more than _____________ enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas between 1500s and the 1800s. The vast majority came from _____________________.

Answer 16

10 million; West Africa

Question 17

In 1517, a German monk named ___________________ challenged the practices of the __________________ church.

Answer 17

Martin Luther; Catholic

Question 18

Early European explorers searched North America’s coast for:

Answer 18

The Northwest passage.

Question 19

Why did the French and Dutch seek alliances with the American Indians?

Answer 19

They were both part of the fur trade.

Question 20

What were the settlers of Jamestown hoping to achieve?

Answer 20

Riches, Northwest Passage, and claim land for England

Question 21

Why did the settlers of Jamestown choose that particular location?

Answer 21

Mainly for security from the Spanish.

Question 22

What was significant about the House of Burgesses?

Answer 22

It signified the beginning of a representative government in the English colonies.

Question 23

Why did Pilgrims establish a colony in North America?

Answer 23

They wanted to find a place where they had religious freedom and could worship how they wanted.

Question 24

What was the main difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans?

Answer 24

The Puritans had not separated from the Church of England and were still with it.

Question 25

Why did Thomas Hooker settle the town of Hartford? What kind of government did they set up?

Answer 25

He settled the town of Hartford because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He set up a colony with a representative government.

Question 26

What was the main reason that several New England cities became major shipbuilding centers?

Answer 26

The cities were located right near the coastline.

Question 27

Why was the colony of New Jersey originally formed?

Answer 27

To govern more easily than one large New York colony

Question 28

How were proprietary colonies in the Middle Colonies different from colonies that had come before it?

Answer 28

Proprietary colonies placed vast land and power in the hands of a few men loyal to the monarch.

Question 29

Which Quaker belief set them apart from other religious groups that settled in the American colonies?

Answer 29

They believed that all people were equal in God’s sight.

Question 30

How did William Penn attract so many people to his colony?

Answer 30

He advertised religious freedom in his colony.

Question 31

Why was the Maryland Act of Toleration enacted?

Answer 31

Because Lord Baltimore feared that Protestants might deprive Catholics of their right to worship.

Question 32

Name TWO reasons for the establishment of Georgia.

Answer 32

It was a place for debtors to pay their debts. They wanted to protect the colonies to the north from Spanish Florida.

Question 33

What effect did the headright system have on slavery?

Answer 33

It increased slavery because each person who came got a piece of land so the more slaves you had, the more land you got.

Question 34

The development of the ______________ system in the Southern colonies increased the number of enslaved Africans arriving in America.

Answer 34

plantation

Question 35

Enslaved Africans made up the majority of the population in which two colonies (in the 1700s)?

Answer 35

South Carolina and Georgia

Question 36

What were the two determining factors of a person’s social status in colonial society?

Answer 36

Birth and Wealth

Question 37

Who were some of the people who were included in the gentry?

Answer 37

The gentry had wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officials.

Question 38

What kind of story was particularly popular in the colonial era?

Answer 38

Types of stories with a captivating tale.

Question 39

Who influenced daily life in the colonies by using reason to improve the world around them?

Answer 39

Enlightenment thinkers like Benjamin Franklin.

Question 40

The original purpose of colleges in colonial America was to educate ___________.

Answer 40

Future ministers

Question 41

How is a country strengthened (according to Mercantilism)?

Answer 41

By selling more than it bought from other countries.

Question 42

What are exports and imports?

Answer 42

Export: a trade product sent to markets outside the country
Import: trade products brought into a country

Question 43

What were the Navigation Acts meant to do?

Answer 43

They were meant to ensure that only England benefited from trade with its colonies.

Question 44

Who was responsible for directing the colony’s affairs and enforcing the laws?

Answer 44

The governor

Question 45

As a result of _______________, WIlliam and Mary became the monarchs of Britain. They agreed to the ______________, which protected individuals from certain government actions.

Answer 45

Glorious Revolution; English Bill of Rights

Question 46

The English Bill of Rights protected:

Answer 46

The rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury.

Question 47

Describe the reasons why Cortes and his soldiers were able to conquer the Aztecs.

Answer 47

Cortes and his soldiers were able to take over the Aztec for many reasons. Firstly, Cortes manipulated the Aztec people into believing he was a god so they would let him in. They also had horses, which the Aztecs had never seen before so they were caught off guard by the new creatures. Cortes had superior weaponry and Indians had died from European diseases. And lastly, Cortes gained many soldiers from other people who had been taken over by the Aztecs.

Question 48

Describe the lasting effects of the Great Awakening.

Answer 48

The Great Awakening affected the development of the colonies in many ways, like causing young people to think deeply about their lives and made people aware of the beauty of God. Even today, we see the Great Awakening inspiring self-rule for many countries and creating more political independence. Another lasting effect was people worshiping and creating new churches themselves.

Question 49

How have the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights helped shape our government today?

Answer 49

They both have had a major impact on the way our laws and government works by creating rules people have to follow and opening up protection for people’s rights. This is shown in the Bill of Rights because it protects anyone who has been accused of a crime and gives them the right to a trial. And in the Magna Carta it states that the monarch does not have absolute power which gives more freedom to the people.