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Ichthyology > Internal Anatomy > Flashcards

Internal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

phylum chordata characteristics

A
  • notochord
  • pharyngeal gills
  • dorsal hollow nerve chord
  • post anal tail
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2
Q

muscle tissue

A
  • skeletal, smooth, cardiac
  • myomeres organized laterally on the body
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3
Q

subdivisions of skeletal muscle

A
  • white
  • red
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4
Q

white (fast) muscle fibers blood supply

A

poor blood supply

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5
Q

most prominent muscle tissue in fish

A

skeletal

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6
Q

do white (fast) muscle fibers have myoglobin

A

no myoglobin

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7
Q

white (fast) muscle fibers metabolism

A

anaerobic glycolysis

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8
Q

anaerobic glycolysis

A
  • species repay oxygen debt by aerobic conversion of lactate to glycogen & glucose in red muscle, heart, and liver
  • recovery can take hours
  • glycolysis is fast but provides lower ATP production
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9
Q

white (fast) muscle fibers: fish speed

A

bursts of speed when catching prey or escaping predators

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10
Q

red (slow) muscle fibers blood supply

A

highly vascularized

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11
Q

do red (slow) muscle fibers have myoglobin?

A

myoglobin present which caused red color

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12
Q

red (slow) muscle fibers metabolism

A

aerobic metabolism

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13
Q

red (slow) muscle fibers: fish speed

A

slow sustained swimming

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14
Q

why are red muscle fibers used for slower swimming?

A

because the reaction includes glycolysis, TCA cycle, & electron transport

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15
Q

blood vessels of the gills: Agnathans

A

7-14

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16
Q

blood vessels of the gills: Chondrichthyes

A

mostly 4

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17
Q

blood vessels of the gills: bony fish

A

4

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18
Q

opercular apparatus

A

protects the underlying gill arches

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19
Q

brachio-hyoid apparatus

A

floor of the mouth & support for the gills

20
Q

what parts are included in the brachio-hyoid apparatus?

A
  • gill arches
  • gill rakers
  • pharyngeal teeth
  • supporting bones
21
Q

alimentary canal

A

tube that stretches from mouth to anus for digestion & absorption

22
Q

spiral valve

A

Chondrichthyes have a spiral valve in the intestine to increase surface area

23
Q

after ingestion of food, gut is responsible for:

A
  • digestion
  • absorption
24
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into small, simple molecules with the use of acids and enzymes

25
Q

absorption

A

taking molecules into blood

26
Q

digestion is accomplished in…

A
  • stomach
  • pyloric caeca
  • intestine
27
Q

stomach

A
  • low pH - HCl and other acids
  • proteolytic enzymes
28
Q

pyloric caeca

A

involved in absorption &/or digestion

29
Q

intestine chemistry

A
  • alkaline
  • proteolytic enzymes
  • amylases
  • lipases
30
Q

intestines functions

A
  • diffusion into mucosal cells
  • phagocytosis by mucosal cells
  • active transport via carrier molecules
31
Q

two types of gas bladders

A
  • physostomus
  • physocistous
32
Q

physostomus gas bladder

A

open, directly connected to esophagus and stomach

33
Q

physocistous swim bladder

A
  • not connected to digestive system
  • closely associated with circulatory system so gases can be transferred to circulatory system to swim bladder & vice verse
34
Q

gonads: testes

A
  • internal, paired
  • usually <12% of body weight
35
Q

testes in Agnathans

A

single sperm shed into peritoneal cavity and out through the urogential papilla

36
Q

testes in Chondrichthyes

A

internal fertilization

37
Q

Chondrichthyes sex organ

A

claspers

38
Q

gonads: bony fish

A
  • both internal & external fertilization
  • specialized structures for sperm transfer
39
Q

ovaries

A

as much as 30-70% of the body weight

40
Q

fish brain size

A

1/5 the size of a bird or mammal

41
Q

telecephalon

A
  • cerebrum in tetrapods
  • olfactory
42
Q

diencephalon

A
  • homeostasis & endocrine
  • pineal body
43
Q

mesencephalon

A

vision

44
Q

metencephalon

A

muscle tone and swimming

45
Q

myelenecepahion, brain stem, medulla oblongata

A

relay station for sensory systems

Ichthyology (16 decks)

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