Adaptive With Some Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

1. Slow response.(7-14 days), an induced by infection/damage in response to innate immunity via lymphocytes and antibodies
2. Response is very specific in response to and infecting microbe/pathogen/antigen
3. The product of adaptive immunity a long lived a systemic providing long-term immunity(memory response) against the specific antigen
4. Reinfecting tigger very specific lymphocyte/antibody immediately assuring faster, and longer time protection/management of pathogen

Question 2

Adaptive response characteristics

Answer 2

1. Slower response
2. Specific response to specific antigen
3. Response is long lived- memory against specific antigen
4. Re-infection trigger faster response

Question 3

What triggers, the adaptive immune response

Answer 3

Phagocytosis

Question 4

What are the 2 phases of immunity

Answer 4

Generational clonal diversity
Clonal selection

Question 5

What is clonal diversity

Answer 5

Production of T and B cells with all possible receptors for antigens

Question 6

Immunocompetent T cells differentiate from where?

Answer 6

Thymus in central lymphoid organs from the lymphoid stem cells which originate from bone marrow

lymphoid stem cells - thymus- T immunocompetent T cells

Question 7

What is the first line of defence?

Answer 7

Physical, mechanical and biochemical barrirers

Question 8

What is first line of defence

Answer 8

Barrier on the bodies surface, either internally or externally

In place at birth

Question 9

What is the second line of defence?

Answer 9

Inflammation

Question 10

When the first line is breached what will be the second line of defence

Answer 10

Inflammation which involves vascular and cellular activities

Question 11

What is the third line of defence?

Answer 11

Adaptive(acquired or specific) immunity

Question 12

What are the 3 main defence mechanisms in first line defence?

Answer 12

Physical and mechanical barrier

Biochemical barrier

Human microbiome

Question 13

What type of response is first line of defence?

Answer 13

It is a static response

Question 14

What are xtics of first line of defence?

Answer 14

It’s first line against injuries and infection
It is constant
Broadly none specific
Work against all pathogens and external factors that enters the body

Question 15

Physical barriers of first line of defence are what!

Answer 15

Skin
Linings of thr gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract and respiratory tracts

Question 16

How do the physical barriers of the first line defend the body?

Answer 16

Sloughing off cells
Cough and sneezing expel pathogens
Flushing- urine
Vomiting
Mucus and cilia capture the organisms and expel them

Question 17

What are the chemical barriers?

Answer 17

They are epithelial cell derived chemical barriers e.g saliva, tears, earwax, sweat and mucus

Question 18

How do the chemical barriers of the first line of defence protect the body

Answer 18

Secrete saliva, tears, earwax, sweat and mucus membranes that traps invaders and have substance that kills
Antimicrobial peptides
Cathelicidins, Defensin, collectins and mannose binding lectins

Question 19

How does the normal microbiome protect the body?

Answer 19

Bacteria and fungi colonies the surface, they do not cause disease
Protect the body against pathogenic organisms

Question 20

The tightly associated epithelia cells of the skin GI, GU and respiratory tract protection serve as what?

Answer 20

Line of first defence

Question 21

Substances in mucus, perspiration, saliva, tears and cerulean does what in primary defence

Answer 21

Trap and kill pathogens

Question 22

Perspirations, tears, saliva contain what enzyme

Answer 22

Lysozyme that attack the cell of gram positive bacteria

Question 23

What substance in sebaceous gland help with first line of defence

Answer 23

Sebaceous gland contain Fatty acids and lactic acid which kill bacteria and fungi

Question 24

How do glandular secretions protect the body

Answer 24

By creating acidic environment pH 3-5 which is inhabitable by many pathogens
Unless acid loving bacteria like tuberculosis causing organisms

Question 25

List Antimicrobial peptides that help with first line of defence

Answer 25

Cathelicidins

Defensin

Collectins

Question 26

What’s the function of Antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins

Answer 26

Bacteria have cholesterol free cell membranes, cathelicidins disrupt and kill these bacteria