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Nurs 101 Lecture > Week 5-Medication > Flashcards

Week 5-Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Medication systems

A

Automated Dispensers

Self administration

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2
Q

Automated dispensers

A

Password accessible lock chart

Computer tracking

Can combine stock and unit doses

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3
Q

Self administration

A

Individual containers
Kept at client’s bedside

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4
Q

Pharmacological considerations

A

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Movement of drug in the body

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6
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

How does the drug affect the body

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7
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of drug into bloodstream

Factors affecting absorption

-route
-solubility of drug
-ph/ionization
-blood flow

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8
Q

Distribution

A

Drug transport to tissues and organs
Factors affe ting distribution
-local blood flow
-membrane permeability
-Protein-binding capacity

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9
Q

Factors affecting Metabolism

A

Biotransformation-chemical conversion of drug

Factors affecting metabolism
-liver function
-health/disease status
-first-pass effect: liver reduces potency of oral medications

——-

Route
Drug solubility
Ph and ionization
Blood flow to the area

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10
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of the drug
Factors affecting excretion
-organ function, especially the kidneys, liver, and lungs

-exocrine glands

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11
Q

Pharmacokinetics concepts

A

Therapeutic range

Peak level

Through level

Half life

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12
Q

Therapeutic range

A

A window of Different levels of therapeutic concentration.

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13
Q

Peak level

A

Onset of action is minimum effective concentration.

When drug concentration in blood is at its highest it is at peak level.

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14
Q

Through level

A

Drug is at lowest concentration, usually right before dose is due

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15
Q

Half life

A

How long it takes for half the drug to be eliminated

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16
Q

Factors impacting pharmacokinetics

A

Age

Weight

Gender

Route

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17
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Primary effects
-Therapeutic effect
-intended
-desired
-why the drug was prescribed

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18
Q

Primary/therapeutic effects

A

Are predicted, intended, and desired. Reason drug was prescribed.

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19
Q

Types of primary/therapeutic effects

A

Palliative

Restorative

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20
Q

Palliative

A

Address signs and symptoms but not disease

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21
Q

Restorative

A

Targets disease

22
Q

Secondary effects

A

Unintended
Non-therapeutic
Can be
-predictable
-harmless
-harmful

23
Q

Types of secondary effects

A

Side effects
Adverse reactions
Toxic reactions
Allergic reactions

24
Q

Side efffects

A

Unintended, often predictable, usually well tolerated. Occurs at prescribed dose. Can be immediate or delayed.

25
Q

Adverse reactions

A

Harmful unintended, usually unpredictable to drug administered at normal dose

More severe than side effects and often require discontinuation of drug

26
Q

FDA definition of severe adverse reaction

A

Life threatening

Require intervention to prevent death or serious illness

Lead to congenital anomaly, Disability, hosp., death

Health professionals must document serious adverse reactions according to agency policy and report it to FDA medeatch

27
Q

Toxic Reactions

A

Dangerous effects to organ or tissue. Can be cause by:

Overdosing(more than prescribed amount)
-respiratory depression from excessive morphine
-hypoglycemia from too much insulin

Accumulation of drug in tissue(continuous use or incomplete metabolism/excretion)

Abnormal sensitivity or allergic response:

-digoxin can lead to hyperkalemia

28
Q

Drugs most common in allergic reactions

A

Antibiotics, biological agents, diagnostic agents

29
Q

Components of med order

A

Patient name
Date and time
Med
Dosage
Route
Frequency
Prescriber signature and credentials (DEA number)

30
Q

Assessing medications

A

Before
During
After
Med history
Physical

31
Q

Analysis/Nursing Diagnosis

A

Risk for Injury
Ineffective Health Management

32
Q

How often to check meds before administering

A

Check 3 times

-before you pour
•check med label against MAR

-after you pour
•verify label against MAR

-At the bedside
• check med again

33
Q

Six rights

A

Person
Med
Dosage
Route
Time
Doc.

Other right

Reason
To know
To refuse

34
Q

Type of routes

A

PO(most common)
Topical
Respiratory inhalers
Parenteral

35
Q

Types of PO meds

A

Tabs, caps

Liquid-children and adult. Rapid absorption.

Buccal-cheek, rapid absorption

Sublingual-under tongue

Enteral-patients sho cannot swallow or have feeding tubes. Give meds through NG

36
Q

Topical

A

Local and sometimes systemic effects
-lotions/creans
-transdermal patches
-eye and ear
-nasal
-vaginal
-rectal

37
Q

Respiratory inhaler

A

Nebulization-mist from liquid drug. Absorbed by airway and alveoli.

Absorption via alveoli and blood supply
-atomizer:makes large droplets
-aerosols:suspends droplets in gas
-metered dose inhaler:type of nebulizer that gives measured dosage

38
Q

Parenteral

A

Intradermal
Subcut
Intramuscular
Intravenous

39
Q

IV

A

Med action takes place in seconds.
Ivs very useful in emergency.

No way to stop IV adverse reaction, unless there is antidote.

40
Q

What metabolizes drug

A

Liver

41
Q

What happens once drug reaches liver

A

It is in bloodstream

42
Q

Do liquid or solid drugs metabolize faster

A

Liquid

43
Q

Difference between brand name and generic drugs

A

Ph ionization

44
Q

What organ regenrates

A

Liver

45
Q

Who usually gets palliative meds

A

Terminally ill

46
Q

Do drug side effects require intervention

A

Yes

47
Q

Opioid side effects

A

Constipation

Respiratory distress

48
Q

Do we need for check for contraindication

A

Yes

49
Q

Drug metabolism

A

The reduction of drugs potency/therapeutic effect before being excreted from body

50
Q

Primary source of drug excretion

A

Kidneys

Nurs 101 Lecture (13 decks)

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