BIOCULTURE

Question 1

refers to the changes, modifications, and variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations from one generation to another.

Answer 1

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

Question 2

The best-known member of Australopithecus

Answer 2

AU. AFARENSIS

Question 3

a species represented by more than 400 fossil specimens from virtually every region of the hominin skeleton

Answer 3

AU. AFARENSIS

Question 4

90 percent of the fossils assigned to Au. afarensis derive from

Answer 4

Hadar

Question 5

40-percent-complete skeleton of an adult female named

Answer 5

lucy

Question 6

remains of at least nine adults and four children buried together at the same time

Answer 6

the first family

Question 7

Homo lived in how many years ago

Answer 7

2.4 to 1.4 million years ago

Question 8

Thisspecies, one of the earliest members of the genus

Answer 8

HOMO

Question 9

has aslightly LARGER BRAINCASE AND SMALLER FACE AND TEETH than inAustralopithecus

Answer 9

homo

Question 10

Its name, which means ______’, was given in 1964 because this species was thought to represent the first maker of stone tools

Answer 10

Handy man

Question 11

sometimes called Homo ergaster

Answer 11

homo erectus

Question 12

the oldest known early humans to have possessed modern human-like body proportions

Answer 12

homo erectus

Question 13

homo erectus is also called as

Answer 13

homo ergaster

Question 14

These features are considered adaptations to a life lived on the ground, indicating the loss of earlier tree-climbing adaptations, with the ability to walk and possibly run long distances. Compared with earlier fossil humans, note the expanded braincase relative to the size of the face

Answer 14

homo erectus

Question 15

and used a diverse set of sophisticated tools, controlled fire, lived in shelters, made and wore clothing, were skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant foods, and occasionally made symbolic or ornamental objects.

Answer 15

homo neanderthanlensis

Question 16

deliberately buried their dead and occasionally even marked their graves with offerings, such as flowers. No other primates, and no earlier human species, had ever practiced this sophisticated and symbolic behavior.

Answer 16

homo neanderthalensis

Question 17

The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong

Answer 17

homo sapiens

Question 18

The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong

Answer 18

homo sapiens

Question 19

not only made and used stone tools, they also specialized them and made a variety of smaller, more complex, refined and specialized tools including composite stone tools, fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers and sewing needles.

Answer 19

prehistoric homo sapiens

Question 20

evolved a unique combination of physical and behavioral characteristics, many of which other early human species also possessed, though not to the same degree.

Answer 20

modern humans

Question 21

changes or development in cultures form a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.

Answer 21

cultural evolution

Question 22

Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture

Answer 22

bipedalism (standing/walking capacity)
brain (thinking capacity)
use and make tools (gripping capacity)
language (capacity)

Question 23

the ability to walk on two legs

Answer 23

bipedalism

Question 24

the physical objects a society produces, things people create and use. These are tools, furniture, clothing, automobiles, and computer systems, to name a few.

Answer 24

material culture

Question 25

elements termed norms, values, beliefs, and language shared by the members of a society. Non-material culture is considered as the carriers of culture.

Answer 25

non-material culture

Question 26

changes or development in cultures form a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.

Answer 26

cultural evolution

Question 27

▶ Recognized as the earliest and simplest form of society
▶ Nomadic
▶ Members are generally treated equally and decisions are based on consensus.

Answer 27

hunting and gathering society

Question 28

▶ Characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply.
▶ Pastoral societies often produce surplus food and resources.
▶ Leads to the emergence of specialized tasks in the community.

Answer 28

pastoral society

Question 29

▶ Primarily engages in the small- scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals.
▶ Semi-nomadic
▶ The assignment of tasks and occupations were often based on gender.

Answer 29

horticultural society

Question 30

▶ Involves the large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.
▶ Characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming.
▶ Give rise to a growing population and a more structured social system.

Answer 30

agriculture society

Question 31

▶ Based on the ownership of land.
▶ Originated during Medieval Age in Western Europe
▶ Members of society are organized based on status
▶ Social relations are characterized by dependence.

Answer 31

feudal society

Question 32

▶ Based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.
▶ “Industrial Revolution”
▶ Technological advances in this period resulted in improved trade and commerce.
▶ Work is done in factories
▶ Lead to greater inequalities in wealth, power, and influence.

Answer 32

industrial society

Question 33

▶ Marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services.
▶ Trend has shifted has shifted from industry to the generation, storage, manipulation, and sale of information
▶ “Virtual Society”

Answer 33

post industrial society

Question 34

knowledgeable and responsible enough to effectively use different social platforms in the internet. They often engage in useful topics and issues that will help build a better society, politics and government.

Answer 34

digital citizen

Question 35

like other early humans that were living at this time, they gathered and hunted food and evolved behaviors that helped respond to the challenges of survival in unstable environments

Answer 35

homo sapiens

Question 36

WHERE HOMO LIVED

Answer 36

Eastern and Southern Africa

Question 37

 The change from a largely nomadic hunter-gatherer way of life to a more settled, agrarian-based one, due to the inception of the domestication of various plant and animal species— depending on the species locally available, and probably also influenced by local

Answer 37

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: FROM HUNTER-GATHERER TO AGRICULTURALIST

Question 38

EFFECTS OF THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY:
 Its size more rapidly when resources were more available. The resulting larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and governmental organization. Food surpluses made possible the development of a social elite freed from labor, who dominated their communities and monopolized
 There were deep social divisions and inequality between the sexes, with women’s status declining as men took on greater roles as leaders and warriors. Social class was determined by occupation, with farmers and craftsmen at the lower end, and priests and warriors at the higher.

Answer 38

POPULATION COULD INCREASE

Question 39

CIVILIZATIONS FIRST APPEARED IN

Answer 39

MESOPOTAMIA- EGYPT.
INDUS VALLEY BY ABOUT 2500 BCE,
CHINA BY ABOUT 1500 BCE AND
CENTRAL AMERICA (WHAT IS NOW MEXICO) BY ABOUT 1200 BCE.

Question 40

 Floodplains contained rich soil and the rivers provided irrigation for crops and a means of transportation.
 Foundational civilizations developed urbanization and complexity without outside influence and without building on a pre-existing civilization, though they did not all develop simultaneously.
 Many later civilizations either borrowed elements of, built on, or incorporated—through conquest—other civilizations.
 Early civilizations were often unified by religion as more and more people shared the same set of beliefs and practices, people who did not know each other could find common ground and build mutual trust and respect.
 IT WAS TYPICAL FOR POLITICS AND RELIGION TO BE STRONGLY CONNECTED. IN SOME CASES,
 political leaders also acted as religious leaders. In other cases, religious leaders were different from the political rulers but still worked to justify and support the power of the political leaders.
 Both political and religious organization helped to create and reinforce social hierarchies, which are clear distinctions in status between individual people and between different groups.
 Political leaders could make decisions that impacted entire societies, such as whether to go to
 war. Religious leaders gained special status since they alone could communicate between a society and its god or gods.

Answer 40

THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS APPEARED IN MAJOR RIVER VALLEYS