Chapter 17: Schizophrenia + Affective Disorders

Question 1

Affective means ____

Answer 1

emotional

Question 2

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

Answer 2

Hallucinations, thought disorders, delusions

Question 3

Types of delusions:

Answer 3

Persecution
Grandeur
Control

Question 4

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 4

Social withdrawal
Lack of affect
reduced motivation

Question 5

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 5

Difficulty sustaining attention, low psychomotor speed, deficits in learning and memory, poor abstract thinking, poor problem solving

Question 6

Schizophrenia means a split from _____

Answer 6

reality

Question 7

Schizophrenia may be caused by a gene mutation of ____

Answer 7

DISC1

Question 8

_________ ______ increase
dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex and reduce it in the mesolimbic system

Answer 8

Atypical Antipsychotics

Question 9

Atypical antipsychotics, such as Aripiprazole, act as ______ ______ at dopamine receptors

Answer 9

partial agonists (increase in one area, decrease in another).

Question 10

5-HT is another name for _____

Answer 10

Serotonin

Question 11

SAD stands for

Answer 11

Seasonal affective disorder

Question 12

SSRI’s boost the _______, specifically ____, by slowing down the reuptake.

Answer 12

monoamines; serotonin

Question 13

MAO inhibiters increase serotonin by _______.

Answer 13

stopping the enzyme that chops up the monoamines

Question 14

Antidepressants:

Answer 14

SSRI
SNRI
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 15

The go-to treatment for bipolar disorder is _______

Answer 15

lithium

Question 16

ECT is a last resort for ______

Answer 16

Depression; mania

Question 17

How does ECT work?

Answer 17

A brief electrical shock on the brain used to induce a seizure

Question 18

A form of last-resort depression treatment without inducing seizures is ______

Answer 18

Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 19

TMS stands for

Answer 19

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Question 20

Is TMS very effective?

Answer 20

Not really.

Question 21

What does DBS stand for?

Answer 21

Deep brain stimulation

Question 22

Depressed patients show hyperactivity of subjenual ___ along with decreased activity in other regions of the _____ cortex

Answer 22

ACC; frontal

Question 23

What is the monoamine hypothesis?

Answer 23

Depression is caused by insufficient activity of monoaminergic neurons (not enough monoamines)

Question 24

As hippocampal neurogenesis decreases, stress and depression increase/decrease

Answer 24

increase

Question 25

What induces neurogenesis in the human brain?

Answer 25

Exercise

Question 26

BDNF hypothesis of depression

Answer 26

Depression is caused by reduced hippocampal neurogenesis

Question 27

True or false: Brain-deprived neurotrophic factor boosts neurogenesis and survival of neurons.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or false: sleep disturbances are characteristic of affective disorders

Answer 28

True

Question 29

SAD can be treated by __________

Answer 29

phototherapy (aka go outside, bruh)

Question 30

True or false: Sometimes getting less sleep can actually help with depression.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

When you are in total darkness for too long, you have more/fewer monoamines.

Answer 31

fewer

Question 32

Onset of melatonin secretion begins _ hours before the midpoint of sleep.

Answer 32

8