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Bio 20 > Structures/Functions of Circulatory System pt.2 > Flashcards

Structures/Functions of Circulatory System pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

The stimulus that triggers a heartbeat is an _____ that originates ____

A

electrical signal , originates from the heart itself

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2
Q

What is a Sinoatrial Node (SA)

A

Bundle of specialized nerves and muscle tissues that act as a pacemaker for heart

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3
Q

Where is SA node located

A

in the wall of right atrium

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4
Q

What dose SA node do

A

generates electrical signals that spread over the two atria that makes them contract

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5
Q

what is Atrioventricular Node (AV)

A

receiver of electrical signal from SA node and transmits it through a bundle of His (specialized nerve fibres )

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6
Q

Where is AV node located

A

in bottom of the right atrium

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7
Q

When AV nodes transmit signal through the bundle of specialized nerve fibers where do the nerve fibers relay signal

A

they relay signal through two branches of conducting fibres called Purkinje fibres

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8
Q

when the purkinje fibers recive signal what happens

A

ventricle contract simultaneously

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9
Q

Whats a ECG electrocardiogram

A

a device that records the electrical activity of heart as it contracts and relaxes

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10
Q

where is electrocardiogram placed when recording electrical activity

A

on body surface connected to recording device

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11
Q

ECG P wave part

A

just before atrial contraction (pump)

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12
Q

ECG QRS wave part

A

electrical impulse that spreads through ventricles = ventricle contraction (pump)

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13
Q

ECG T wave part

A

ventricles recovering before next SA stimulation (filling)

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14
Q

Lubb

A

sound produced when AV valves close ( when ventricles contract blood is forced up and cause the AV valves to close)

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15
Q

Dubb

A

sound produced when semilunar valves close

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16
Q

What is blood pressure measured in

A

mm of Hg (mercury)

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17
Q

when measuring blood pressure whats the two measures you are looking for and how is it written

A

systolic / diastolic

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18
Q

whats systolic blood pressure

A

pressure blood exerts during ventricular contraction (when ventricle contracts)

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19
Q

whats diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure blood exerts during ventricular relaxation (ventricle relaxes)

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20
Q

systolic/ diastolic avg good measurements

A

120/80 mm Hg

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21
Q

when measuring blood pressure what are you measuring arteries or veins

A

arteries

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22
Q

whats cardiac output

A

amount of blood flowing from the heart each min

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23
Q

cardiac output is affected by

A

stroke volume and heart rate

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24
Q

stroke volume

A

the quantity of blood pumped with each hearveat (70mL/beat)

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25
Q

whats heart rate

A

number of beats per minute (70 beats per min)

26
Q

Measuring Cardiac Output

A

stroke volume x heart rate

27
Q

increased cardiac output =

A

increased blood flow

28
Q

decreased cardiac output =

A

decreased blood flow

29
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiac output

A

size of person (bigger mass =bigger output), excercise , psychological factors such as age gender

30
Q

What is the SA node known as

A

The pacemaker of the heart

31
Q

when you train more what increases and what decreases

A

stroke volume increases and heart rate decreases

32
Q

Whats pulmonary circulation

A

vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

33
Q

whats systematic circulation

A

vessels that carry blood to and from the body

34
Q

Whats hearts separate blood supply called

A

coronary pathway

35
Q

whats coronary pathway

A

hearts separate blood supply

36
Q

what supplies cardiac muscle with O2 and other nutrients

A

coronary arteries

37
Q

whats a diastole

A

heart relaxation when heart fills with blood

38
Q

whats systole

A

heart contraction when the heart is pumping the blood out

39
Q

why are coronary arteries called coronary

A

the heart is encircled in a network of blood vessels like a crown (coronary =corona=crown)

40
Q

whats atherosclerosis

A

condition when there is a build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, fibrous tissue) inside of artery walls

41
Q

what can atherosclerosis lead to

A

narrowing = higher pressure which can cause (angina) chest pain , blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack or failure

42
Q

atherosclerosis treatment options

A

aspirin- reduce formation of clots
clots busting medication
angioplasty- ballon inserted
stent- permanent metal tube inserted
coronary bypass surgery- (a healthy artery used to create new pathway)

43
Q

Whats a heart murmur

A

a misflow of blood in the heart due to valves not opening or closing properly
congenital- born with

44
Q

heart murmur risk / causes

A

lack of exercise , diets high in saturated fats , smoking, genetics, obesity, high blood pressure

45
Q

what is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

46
Q

what dose hypertension (high blood pressure ) cause

A

blood vessels to weaken or even rupture and buildup of connective tissue as body tries to repair , making arteries hard and less elastic

47
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

48
Q

What does hypertension ( low blood pressure) cause

A

reduces bodies ability to transport blood which creates a problem for the brain because blood pressure has to work against gravity yo get up there causing dizziness

49
Q

what happens to blood pressure as blood moves from arteries to the veins

A

lowers

50
Q

what circulatory system organ is responsible for supplying the pressure for the blood

A

heart

51
Q

why dose pressure change as blood moves from arteries to the veins

A

This is because arteries have muscular walls and more resistance where as veins have no muscles

52
Q

why dose the blood pressure going from arteries to veins lower ?

A

Because it has to go through capillaries which are more smaller openings requiring less pressure

53
Q

why is a sheeps heart used to study anatomy of human heart

A

anatomically similar

54
Q

which chambers are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

55
Q

what chambers are receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

56
Q

how are the walls of atria and ventricle different

A

atria: thin
ventricles: thick

57
Q

what is the pourpose of heart valves

A

to open and close so that blood dosent flow backwards

58
Q

vessels that carry blood away from heart are _____ and that carry blood towards are ____

A

artery , veins

59
Q

what is the biggest artery

A

aorta

60
Q

Whats the pourpose of coronary artery and whats the result of a blockage of this vessel

A

This is the artery in heart and results in heart to stop pumping

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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