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Bio 20 > Excretory system pt.2 > Flashcards

Excretory system pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

how much of a kidney do u need to survive

A

1/3rd of one kidney

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2
Q

What is diabetes Mellitus caused by

A

the bodies inability to produce insulin or use insulin secreted from islet cells into pancreas properly

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3
Q

what are results of diabetes mellitus

A

no insulin = high concentration of blood sugar which draws water to nephron which makes large volumes of urine containg alot of glucose and water

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4
Q

diabetes mellitus symptoms

A

excrete large volumes of urine, thirsty all the time

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5
Q

whats diabetes insipides

A

destruction of ADH production due ti autoimmune disorders, certain drugs viruses or infections (can be genetic) causing higw quantities of diluted urine to be excreted

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6
Q

diabetes insipides symthoms

A

peeing large amounts and constant thirst

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7
Q

diabetes mellitus treatment

A

monitor diet , medication

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8
Q

diabetes insipides treatment

A

synthetic ADH

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9
Q

whats nephritis (brights disease)

A

inflammation of the nephrons due to virus , infection, autoimmune disease or hypertension high BP which causes dmg to glomerulus

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10
Q

what happens when u have Nephritis(Bright disease ) in ur body

A

large proteins can pass into nephrons drawing in excess volumes of water , RBC may leak out of damaged glomeruli causing blood to appear in urine , can cause irreversible kidney dmg and eventual failure

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11
Q

what dose Nephritis (brights disease) cause

A

blood in urine, irreversible kidney dmg and eventually failure

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12
Q

Nephritis (brights disease) treatment

A

antibiotics or immunosuppressant depending on cause

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13
Q

What are Kidney stones

A

Precipitate formed from minerals in blood

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14
Q

what happens when u have kidney stones

A

sharp sided stones can get lodged in renal pelvis or may be moved down ureter into bladder and be passed out of body with urine , kidney stones tear delicate tissue and cause excruciating pain

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15
Q

kidney stones treatment

A

be broken up through ultrasound waves and be passed sown more easily through urinary tract

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16
Q

Whats a kidney dialysis

A

temporary solution for people whose kidney cannot effectively process bodily wastes until they recive kidney transplant

17
Q

2types of kidney dialysais

A

Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

18
Q

whats hemodialysis

A

utilizes artificial membrane in a external device that is connected to an artery and a vein in persons arm

19
Q

whats peritoneal dialysais

A

utilizes the lining of intestines (peritoneum) as dialysais membrane, introduced to abdominal cavity where large SA area and rich supply of capillaires slowly filter blood

20
Q

Whats a kidney transplant

A

individuals with less than 10% of kidney function replace their kidney

21
Q

why is there 2 sources of kidney transplant and what are they

A

theres two sources because the need is much greater than supply
- Cadaveric donors (from dead ppl)
- live donors

22
Q

how does water balace adjust for increased water intake

A

increased water output

23
Q

how dose water balance adjust for increased exercise or water intake

A

decreasing urine output

24
Q

water balance adjustments involve communication between _____ and _____

A

nervous system (brain hypothalamus) and endorcrine system (ADH + aldosterone)

25
Q

brain hypothalamus do what

A

monitor for water intake and see if too much is going in out and trigger ADH to release or not

26
Q

What does ADH stand for

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

27
Q

whats ADH

A

hormone made n stored in brain that regulates osmotic pressure of body fluids and acts on kidney to increase water reabsorption

28
Q

when ADH is released it produces ____ urine and why

A

more concentrated to preserve water

29
Q

where is ADH produced

A

in brain by specilized nerve cells found in hypothalamus

30
Q

whats ADH known as

A

anti peeing hormone

31
Q

whats aldosterone

A

hormone produced in adrenal cortex above kidneys that brings salt in that triggers water ti follow

32
Q

what is aldosterone trigger cycle

A

drop in blood pressure > acts on nephrons to increase Na reabsorption > water follows salt , moves out of nephron by osmosis > decreases urine output

33
Q

what are ADH and Aldosterone common goal

A

to conserve water

34
Q

Blood pH

A

7.4 - basic

35
Q

why is maintaining blood pH crucial

A

bc u need to maintain it at a pH where cells and enzymes can function properly

36
Q

acid/base buffer system prevents changes in pH by adding or removing

A

H+

37
Q

in Blood thats too acidic >

A

H+ excreted, HCO3- reabsorbed

38
Q

in blood thats too basic>

A

H+ is not excreted , HCO3- is not reabsorbed

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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