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histology > the cell > Flashcards

the cell Flashcards

1
Q

it is the regulated, integrated, dynamic, balanced, and maintained, accumulations, of biochemical substances, salts and water

A

cell

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2
Q

the colorless liquid or colloidal contents of living cell, composed of proteins, fats, and other organic substances in water, inorganic salts and including the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

protoplasm

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3
Q

it constitutes approximately 75% of the protoplasmic mass

A

water

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4
Q

it constitutes less than 10% of the total water and involved intimately in the structural integrity of the chemical components

A

bound water

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5
Q

it is involved actively in the chemical events, characteristics, of protoplasm and also acts as solvents in which all of the miscible substances are dissolved

A

free water

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6
Q

the phase in which other substances are suspended, imparting colloidal properties to protoplasm

A

free water

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7
Q

a suspension of small particle dispersed in another substance

A

colloid

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8
Q

It contains particles of a size sufficient to prevent their passing through semipermeable membrane. Can occur as sols or gels (proteins) which are gelatinous or mucinous in characteristics.

A

colloid

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9
Q

differentiate sols from gels

A

Sols are colloidal suspensions with fluid-like properties while Gels are semisolid mixture of small particles of a solid in a liquid colloid

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10
Q

Substances that pass through semipermeable membranes when dissolved in water

A

crystalloids

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10
Q

the primary extraprotoplasmic ions

A

sodium and chloride

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10
Q

important crystalloid

A

glucose and many ions

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10
Q

the primary protoplasmuc cation

A

potassium

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10
Q

the common biochemical of protoplasm.

A

Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

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10
Q

primary protoplamic anions

A

bicarbonates and sulphates

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10
Q

considered the repository of information essential for life. They contain the genetic code and serve as blueprints for the synthesis of the most important products of cells – proteins.

A

nucleic acid

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10
Q

macromolecules of repeating nucleotides

A

nuclic acid

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11
Q

nucleotides are composed of

A

pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base

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11
Q

primary nucleic acid of the nucleus, but small quantities also occur in mitochondria.

A

dna

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12
Q

nucleotides occur in the form of

A

atp and cAMP

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13
Q

a high energy storage compound that releases energy when a phosphate bond is broken;

A

atp

14
Q

considered a second cell messenger, stimulates enzymatic reactions and may be a factor in gene regulation.

A

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate

15
Q

serve as the primary structural and functional components of the cell. It is essential for the architectural and metabolic integrity of the living systems

A

proteins

16
Q

biological compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is an important source of food and energy. It can be classified as monosaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides.

A

carbohydrates

17
Q

biological compound that is not soluble in water, e.g. a fat. It includes waxes, oils, sterols, triglycerides, phosphatides and phospholipids

A

lipids

18
Q

Biological properties of cells includes

A

metabolism, irritability, contractility, conductivity, excretion, endocytosis and exocytosis, growth, maintenance and reproduction.

19
Q

the sum of all reactions that occur within cells.

A

metabolism

19
Q

is a metabolic process in which energy is used to make compounds and tissues from simple molecules. It is a chemical reactions resulting in the synthesis of new molecular substances that is essential for growth, maintenance and repair.

A

anabolism

20
Q

the production of energy through the conversion of complex molecules into simpler ones.

A

catabolism

21
Q

example of catabolism

A

Internal respiration, or the chemical utilization of foodstuffs for heat and energy production,

22
Q

the ability of cells to respond to stimuli in it environment. Best exhibited by nerve cells (neurons), which are highly specialized to receive stimuli

A

irritability

23
Q

the ability to transmit waves of excitation along their cellular membrane/transfer of information. Specially exhibited by the nerve cells and muscle cells

A

conductivity

24
Q

form reactivity. Most cells change shape by shortening along their long axes. This allows them to accomplish work.

A

contractility

25
Q

the ability to take up small molecules from the blood and transform them into more complex and useful substances that are then released into its environment

A

secretion

26
Q

The process of producing a substance from the cells and fluids within a gland or organ and discharging it. It is an active process that requires energy.

A

secretion

27
Q

the act or process of discharging waste matter of metabolism and useful substances from the tissues or organs.

A

excretion

28
Q

t is a passive process and does not require energy.

A

excretion

29
Q

essential for homeostasis of cells.

A

endo and exocytosis

30
Q

the ability to engulf substances by phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

A

endocytosis

31
Q

is the engulfment of fluid substance

A

pinocytosis

32
Q

the engulfment of solid substance

A

phagocytosis

33
Q

the ability to discharge materials or the exit of materials from the cells.

A

exocytosis

34
Q

is an increase in the number or size of cells.

A

growth

35
Q

the renewal and replacement of cells (through mitosis) to maintain the normal cell population.

A

maintenance

36
Q

the increase in the number of cells through mitosis.

A

reproduction

37
Q

shapeof cell is influenced by

A

functional specialization

38
Q

cells specialized for filtration

A

squamous

39
Q

cells for conductivity

A

nerve cells with axons and dendrites

40
Q

why is the lining cells in the surface of small intestine are columnar

A

because adjacent cells are closely apposed and the pressure between themdoesnt allow cells to expand laterally

41
Q

inherent ability of the cells to alter shape example

A

white blood cell

histology (11 decks)

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