Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

03 - Kinesiology > 03-01: Basic Information > Flashcards

03-01: Basic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology - Definition

A

Study of movement - brings together Anatomy, Physiology, Physics and Geometry and relates them to human movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biomechanics - Definition

A

Mechanical principles (pulleys, levers, etc.) as it relates to the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kinetics - Definition

A

Forces causing movement - study of motion and causes - Means to MOVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kinematics - Definition

A

Time, space and mass aspects of a moving system - Description of motion without consideration of cause - Means MOTION - Takes into account speed, vector force, direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Linear Motion

A

Same distance, direction, time - system as a whole moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rectilinear Motion

A

Motion in a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Curvilinear Motion

A

Curved line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angular Motion

A

Same angle, direction, time - various components move individually - further away from axes = greater degree of movement - Emphasis on angular motion in biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Cardinal joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.) - refers to movement of bones around joint axis

One bone moving on another under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Joint surface movement - what happens at joint articulating surfaces - basis of joint mobilization (have to understand natural arthrokinematic motion of joints to restore movement); “Without arthrokinematic motion, osteokinematics cannot occur.”

The way adjoining joint surfaces move on each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatotypes

A

Three main body types:

  • Endomorphs: Heavy build, wide hips, higher percentage of fat to muscle, soft, hypermobile
  • Mesomorphs: Athletic, more muscle, less fat, narrow hips, thick, stiff, limited range
  • Ectomorphs: Skinny, small frame, narrow, flat-chested, less muscle and fat; tall, lanky build
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Center of Gravity (COG)

A
  • Where the three cardinal planes (sagittal, frontal, tranverse) meet.
  • Located anterior to S-2 (The lower the COG, the more stable we are)
  • Whatever we carry always makes it part of COG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Axes

A
  • Points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates (pivot point)
  • Plane of motion and axis always run OPPOSITE of each other; All horizontal rotations occur around vertical axis
  • Joint movement around an axis is perpendicular to its plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three axis points

A
  • Sagittal: Point runs from front to back
  • Frontal: Point runs from side to side
  • Vertical: Point runs from top to bottom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Movements of the sagittal plane around a frontal axis

A

Flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Movements of the frontal plane around a sagittal axis

A

Abduction, Adduction, Elevation, Depression, Inversion, Eversion, Lateral bending, Pronation, Supination, Radial Deviation, Ulnar deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Movements of the transverse plane around a vertical axis

A

Internal rotation, External rotation, Horizontal abduction, Horizontal adduction, Protraction, Retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Circumduction - Axis

A

Does not occur on a specific plane around a specific access - it is a combination of movement in the frontal and sagittal axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Degrees of Freedom

A

The number of planes or axes a joint can move; pertains to synovial joints (diarthrodial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Uniaxial joint

A

Angular motion around 1 axis and 1 plane (1 degree of freedom) - Ex: Elbow

21
Q

Biaxial joint

A

Motion around 2 axes and 2 planes (two degrees of freedom) - Ex: Radiocarpal; Movement occurs in two different directions - can occur at condyloid and saddle joints

22
Q

Triaxial joint

A

Motion occurs in all 3 axes and all 3 planes (three degrees of freedom) - Hip joint (ball-and-socket joint); Allows more motion than any other kind

23
Q

Nonaxial joint

A

Movement is linear instead of angular - joint surfaces are flat; Glide over each other rather than around one another (no specific access or plane) - Ex: carpals, tarsals

24
Q

End Feel

A

Quality of feel when slight pressure is applied at the end of the joint’s PROM (feeling when taking joint through PROM)

25
Q

Normal End Feel

A

Firm (Capsular, Ligamentous, Muscular), Hard (Bony), Soft (Tissue approximation, Muscular - Stretch)

26
Q

Capsular End Feel (Firm)

A

Firm, leatherlike limitation that has slight give (creep - can stretch a little further past end feel); Related to normal capsular restriction - normal joint motion of shoulder

Abnormal - stops midway through to normal range of motion

27
Q

Ligamentous End Feel (Firm)

A

Firm end feel withough creep - Ex: Ankle inversion

28
Q

Muscular End Feel (Firm)

A

Applies to muscle and tendon; Elastic, slow stretch that gives more creep than capsule - ROM will increase with time - Ex: Straight leg raise (SLR), HIp ABD)

29
Q

Bony End Feel (Hard) or Hard End Feel

A

Hard, rigid abrupt limit to joint motion - sudden stop - Ex: Terminal elbow extension

Abnormal - abrupt stop to end feel

30
Q

Tissue Approximation (Soft)

A

Occurs when soft tissue of body prevents motion - Ex: Normal terminal elbow flexion (Where the two areas of soft tissue meet)

31
Q

Empty End Feel

A

Lack of mechanical limitation of joint ROM - Cannot get to end feel because of pain

32
Q

Springy Block

A

Rebound movement felt at the end of ROM - occurs with internal derangement (damage) of joint

33
Q

Muscle guarding

A

Reflex muscle spasm during motion - Abnormal contractile response - Protective response seen in acute injury - sometimes unconscious block of ROM

  • Palpation of the muscle will reveal spasm
34
Q

Abnormal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that has been worn down - rough, grating feel - very common with arthritis in patella-femoral joint

Cog -wheeled: Painful condition where cartilage will catch and stop
Crepitus: “rice krispy” sound

35
Q

Edematous or synovitis

A

Tissue has boggy end feel (filled with fluid); Swollen, warm joint that is painful during PROM

36
Q

Convex, Concave

A

Vex - Curved out, Cave - Curved in

37
Q

Ovoid joint

A

Two bones that form a convex-concave relationship - Most synovial joints are ovoid

38
Q

Arthokinematic motion

A

What is happening IN the joint

The manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move on each other during osteokinematic joint movement

39
Q

Accessory Movement

A

Joint motion that accompanies the movement and is essential to normal ROM and painless function - Two types: joint play, component movements

40
Q

Joint Play

A

Joint needs external force to move outside volutional control

41
Q

Component Movements

A
  • Roll: Multiple contact points making contact with multiple points of counterpart; movement of one joint surface on another
  • Glide: One contact point makes contact with multiple points of counterpart; linear movement parallel to the plane of the adjoining surface
  • Spin: One contact point making contact with one contact point on counterpart; rotation of one joint on another - same point on each surface remains in contact
42
Q

Convex-concave rule

A

Concave - Moves in the SAME direction as the body segment’s motion (glide moves in same as moving segment)
Convex - Moves in the OPPOSITE direction as the body segment’s motion (glide moves in opposite as moving segment)

43
Q

Joint congruency

A

Joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other, are tightly compressed and difficult to separate

  • Ligaments taut
  • Closed-pack(ed) = greatest potential for stability
  • Usually occurs at one extreme of ROM
44
Q

Joint incongruency

A

Joint surfaces do not have maximum contact with each other and are easily separated

  • Ligaments lax
  • Open pack(ed) or Loose-pack(ed) = resting position, best position for joint mobilization
  • Joint play demonstrated
45
Q

Three accessory motion forces during joint mobilization

A

Traction: Tension (pressure) on joint; no joint separation
- Distraction: External forces are exerted causing joint surfaces to be pulled apart - full joint play to assist with mobility of joint; can use to increase ROM

Compression (Approximation): External force pushes joint surfaces together - promotes stability

Shear: Approximation, then glide (gliding with load); forces occur parallel to surface, resulting in glide motion at the joint

46
Q

Two forces that are combination of accessory motion

A

Bending: Forces other than vertical force are applied; combination of forces; results in compression on Cave side and distraction on Vex side

Rotary Force: Combo of compression and shear; involves twisting

47
Q

Joint Mobilization

A

Passive oscillatory motion or sustained stretch that is applied at a slow enough speed by an external force (accessory movements necessary)

48
Q

Manipulation

A

Passive movement applied with very quick thrust within a short range that cannot be stopped (high velocity/low attitude)

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions