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03 - Kinesiology > 03-04: The Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

03-04: The Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder Complex

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Sternum, Humerus, Rib Cage, Sternoclavicular Joint, Acromioclavicular Joint, Glenohumeral Joint, Scapulothoracic articulation

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2
Q

Shoulder Girdle

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Sternum

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3
Q

Motions of Shoulder Girdle

A

Elevation and Depression, Protraction (ABD) and Retraction (ADD), Upward and Downward Rotation, Anterior Tilt (Sagittal Plane Adjustment), Internal and External Rotation (Horizontal Plane Adjustment)

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4
Q

Upward and downward rotation

A

Upward rotation - Inferior angle away from spine

Downward rotation - Inferior angle towards spine

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5
Q

Anterior tilt (sagittal plane adjustment)

A

Inferior angle moves away from thoracic wall

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6
Q

Internal and external rotation - “winging”

A

Vertebral border moves away from thoracic wall

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7
Q

Resting position of scapula

A

Superior angle - T2
Spine of the scapula - T3
Inferior Angle - T7-T8

Between T2 and T7/T8, 2”-3” lateral from spinous processes of the verterbrae, Spine of the scapula is level with spinous process of T3/T4

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8
Q

Three major ligaments of sternoclavicular joint

A

Sternoclavicular ligament, Interclavicular Ligament, Costoclavicular Ligament, Articular disk (inside SC ligament)

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9
Q

Sternoclavicular ligament

A
  • Connects clavicle to sternum

- Provides reinforcement to the joint capsule

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10
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A
  • Top of the manubrium, connecting superior sternal ends of the clavicles
  • Limits the amount of clavicular depression
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11
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A
  • Connects the inferior surface of the clavicle to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the 1st rib; Short, flat, rhomboid-shaped
  • Limits the amount of clavicular elevation
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12
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A
  • Not directly on joint, but provided stability to joint
  • Limits elevation of scapula laterally
  • Trapezium - lateral, Conoid - medial
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13
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A
  • Does not cross joint, but forms arch over the head of the humerus; Protects subacromion elements
  • Starts and ends on scapula (coracoid to acromion)
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14
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A
  • Connects scapula to axial skeleton; Triaxial joint

- Two ligaments: acromioclavicular ligament, Coracoacromial ligament

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15
Q

Separated shoulder

A

Injury where coracoclavicular ligament tears upon force

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16
Q

Scapulothoracic joint (ST)

A
  • Not a true joint
  • Wide ROM of shoulder complex
  • ST Motion = AC Motion + SC Motion (creates scapular movement
17
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Convex and Concave ends

- Glide changes dependent on which way the scapula moves

18
Q

Primary movements of scapulothoracic joint (ST)

A

Elevation and Depression, Retraction and Protraction, Downward and Upward Rotation

19
Q

ST Elevation

A
  • SC joint elevation + downward rotation at AC joint
  • Convex on Concave at SC joint
  • Occurs in frontal plane, sagittal axis @ SC joint
20
Q

ST Upward Rotation

A
  • SC joint elevation + upward rotation at AC joint
21
Q

ST Protraction and Retraction

A
  • Rotation around vertical axis @ SC joint
  • Occurs in horizontal plane
  • Concave (clavicle) on Convex (sternum)
  • Anterior Glide (Protraction), Posterior Glide (Retraction)
22
Q

ST Anterior Tilt

A
  • Posterior Rotation of Clavicle
  • Posterior Glide
  • Occurs in sagittal plane, frontal axis @ SC joint
23
Q

Three planes of motion for AC joint

A

IR/ER - Horizontal Plane Adjustment “winging” - vertical axis
Upward/Downward Rotation - Sagittal axis
Anterior Tipping - Sagittal Plane Adjustment - Frontal Axis

24
Q

AC & CL movements

A
  • Both convex ends = unstable

- Cartilagenous disk between ends provides stability (convex on concave)

25
Q

Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Trapezius (3), Levator Scapula, Rhomboids (2), Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor

26
Q

Upper Trapezius

A

O: Occiput, Nuchal Ligament, SPs of C1-C6
I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion (anterior aspect)
A: Scapular elevation (prime mover), upward rotation, assist with retraction
N: Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

  • Upward Line of Pull
27
Q

Middle Trapezius

A

O: SPs of C7-T3
I: Spine of Scapula
A: Scapular retraction (prime mover), upward rotation
N: Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

  • Middle Line of Pull
28
Q

Lower Trapezius

A

O: SPs of T4-T12
I: Base of spine of scapula
A: Scapular depression (prime mover), upward rotation, assist with retraction
P: Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

  • Downward (Vertical) Line of Pull
29
Q

Rotational Movement of Scapula (Upward/Downward)

A

Force Couple - Lower and Upper trap work opposite directions of each other; assisted by serratus anterior

30
Q

Levator Scapula

A

O: TPs of C1-C4
I: Superior angle of scapula down to spine of scapula
A: Assist with scapular elevation, downward rotation
N: Dorsal Scapular (C5 Root)

  • Ribbon shaped; very thin, so susceptible to injury; deep to trapezius
31
Q

Rhomboids

A

O: Minor - SPs of C7-T1, Major - SPs of T2-T5
I: Vertebral border of scapula from base of spine to inferior angle (Minor - Base of Spine, Major - Bottom of Base)
A: Retraction (with downward rotation component, lifts scapula slightly - elevation)
N: Dorsal Scapular (C5 Root)

32
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

O: Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
I: Anterior aspect of vertebral border of scapula
A: Scapular protraction (prime mover), upward rotation
N: Long Thoracic (C5, C6, C7 Roots)

  • Reaches under costals to reach vertebral border
  • Deepest muscle of shoulder girdle
  • Holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • If weak or gone, scapula will “wing”
33
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

O: Anterior aspect of ribs 3-4
I: Coracoid process of scapula
A: Scapular depression, Anterior tilt (sagittal plane adjustment), downward rotation
N: Medial pectoral

  • Deep to pectoralis major
  • Neurovascular bundle runs under pec major (compress and symptoms over upper extremities = TOS)
34
Q

Reverse Action - Upper Trapezius

A

Extends head and neck, ipsilateral lateral head bend, contralateral head rotation

35
Q

Reverse Action - Lower Trapezius

A

Assist in elevating trunk

36
Q

Reverse Scapula - Levator Scapula

A

Rotate and laterally bend neck

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

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