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03 - Kinesiology > 03-14: Gait > Flashcards

03-14: Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Gait or stride

A

Activity that occurs between the time one foot touches the ground and the time the same foot touches the ground again

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2
Q

Step

A

One half of stride - takes two steps to complete a stride

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3
Q

Step length

A

The distance between heel strike of one foot and heel strike of the other foot

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4
Q

Cadence

A

Number of steps taken per minute

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5
Q

Stance phase

A

Occurs when the foot is in contact with ground - 60%

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6
Q

Swing phase

A

Occurs when the foot is not in contact with ground - 40%

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7
Q

Tasks that must occur during gait cycle (3)

A

Weight acceptance, single leg support, leg advancement

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8
Q

Weight Acceptance

A

Foot touches the ground and body weight begins to shift onto leg - “hip” over foot, teach how to get used to weight-bearing

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9
Q

Single leg support

A

Body weight is fully shifted to the stance leg, allowing the other leg to begin swing phase - accept weight, cocontraction for stability

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10
Q

Leg Advancement

A

Swing phase

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11
Q

Double support

A

Period of gait cycle where both feet are in contact with the ground - changes with speed

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12
Q

Nonsupport

A

Period of gait cycle where neither foot is in contact with the ground (running)

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13
Q

Single support

A

Period of gait cycle where one foot is in contact with the ground - occurs twice in cycle

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14
Q

Traditional vs. RLA - Stance

A
  • Heel strike = Initial contact
  • Foot flat = loading response
  • Midstance = midstance
  • Heel-off = terminal stance
  • Toe-off = Preswing
  • Traditional = points in time
  • RLA = periods of time
  • Heel off + toe off = push-off
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15
Q

Traditional vs. RLA - Swing

A
  • Acceleration = initial swing
  • Midswing = midswing
  • Deceleration = terminal swing
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16
Q

Initial Contact - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 30˚ Flexion
  • Knee: 0˚
  • Ankle: 0˚
  • Toes: 0˚
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17
Q

Loading Response - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 25˚ Flexion
  • Knee: 15˚ Flexion
  • Ankle: 10˚ Plantar Flexion
  • Toes: 0˚
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18
Q

Midstance - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 0˚
  • Knee: 0˚
  • Ankle: 5˚ Dorsiflexion
  • Toes: 0˚
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19
Q

Terminal Stance - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 10˚ Extension
  • Knee: 0˚
  • Ankle: 10˚ Dorsiflexion
  • Toes: 30˚ MTP Extension
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20
Q

Preswing - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 0˚
  • Knee: 40˚ Flexion
  • Ankle: 20˚ Plantar Flexion
  • Toes: 60˚ MTP Extension
21
Q

Initial Swing - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 15˚ Flexion
  • Knee: 60˚ Flexion
  • Ankle: 10˚ Plantar Flexion
  • Toes: 0˚
22
Q

Midswing - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 25˚ Flexion
  • Knee: 25˚ Flexion
  • Ankle: 0˚
  • Toes: 0˚
23
Q

Terminal Swing - Required ROM

A
  • Hip: 35˚ Flexion
  • Knee: 0˚
  • Ankle: 0˚
  • Toes: 0˚
24
Q

Heel Strike - Muscle Activity (stance)

A

TA, Quads (con), Hip Flexors (con), Hip Extensors (ec) slows heel down, Erector Spinae

25
Q

Foot Flat - Muscle Activity (stance)

A

TA (ec), Quads (ec), Hip Extensors (con)

Issues: Foot Drop

26
Q

Midstance - Muscle Activity (stance)

A

Plantar Flexors (ec), Quads (con)

27
Q

Heel-off - Muscle Activity (stance)

A

Plantar Flexors (ec to con), Hip Extensors (con), Quads (con to ec)

28
Q

Push-off - Muscle Activity (stance)

A

Plantar Flexors (con), Hams (con), Hip Flexors (con)

29
Q

Acceleration - Muscle Activity (swing)

A

Hip Flexors (con), Hams (con), Plantar Flexors moving to Dorsiflexors (con)

30
Q

Midswing - Muscle Activity (swing)

A

DF (con), Hams, (con), Hip Flexors (con) - all allow foot clearance by shortening limb

31
Q

Deceleration - Muscle Activity (swing)

A

DF (con) - holding neutral, Hams (ec), Quads (con), Hip Flexors (Con)

32
Q

Vertical Displacement

A
  • Weight shifting

- Up to 5 cm of displacement

33
Q

Width of walking base

A

2”-4” between steps

34
Q

Additional determinants of gait

A
  • Vertical displacement
  • Horizontal displacement
  • Width of walking gait
  • Lateral pelvic tilt
35
Q

Gluteus maximus or medius weakness

A
  • Gluteus Maximus = gluteal lurch

- Gluteus Medius = lateral lurch

36
Q

Quadriceps weakeness

A
  • Knee extension weakness (cannot fully extend without assistance)
  • Manually push leg into extension
37
Q

Hamstring weakness

A
  • No opposition from hamstring = hyperextension of knee

- genu recurvatum

38
Q

Dorsiflexor (TA) weakness

A
  • Compensation for dorsiflexion weakness (drop foot)

- Steppage gait, circumduction gait, Vaulting, hip hike

39
Q

Steppage gait

A

Most common; exaggerate hip and knee flexion to compensate and clear floor

40
Q

Circumduction gait

A

Bring leg around instead of straight gait to compensate and clear floor

41
Q

Vaulting

A

Rise up on toes of good leg to help bad leg clear floor

42
Q

Hip Hike

A

Hike hip to shorter limb

43
Q

Triceps Surae weakness

A
  • Results in a “sore foot limb”
  • Affects push-off (terminal stance, preswing)
  • Hop off affected leg right away because of lock of plantar flexors
44
Q

Waddling Gait

A
  • Diffuse weakness throughout body (multiple muscle groups)
  • Use anything available to move
  • Common in muscular dystrophy patients
45
Q

Hip Flexor contracture: Salutation gait

A
  • Stuck in hip flexion

- When walking, cannot extend hip, so looks like bowing

46
Q

Fused Hip: Bell-Clapper Gait

A
  • Back and forth of pelvic girdle

- Compensate for lack of movement in hip joint (flexion/extension)

47
Q

Knee Extension Contractures

A
  • Vaulted Gait, Hip Hike, or Circumducted gait

- Cannot flex knee

48
Q

Neurological Gaits

A
  • Hemiplegic gait
  • Ataxic gait: no proprioception
  • Parkinsonian gait: Festinating gait
  • Scissoring gait: Adductor has too much tone, cannot adduct (Cerebal palsy)
  • Crouch Gait
49
Q

Antalgic Gait

A

Sore knee = painful gait

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

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